The videos I watched became popular in ancient times

He was the first person in Chinese history who dared to call himself a romantic poet. He was a great patriotic poet and the founder of Chinese romantic literature.

He not only pioneered the patriotic thought of Xiangcao Meila, but also created Chuci, and was hailed as the Saint of Ci.

His long-renowned masterpiece "Li Sao" is a highly praised lyric poem with realistic significance and full of romantic sentiment.

The whole poem has more than 370 sentences and more than 2400 words, and is known as the longest lyric poem in ancient China.

Li Bai and Du Fu spoke highly of his poems, and he was also Su Shi's lifelong idol.

He is the great patriotic poet Qu Yuan, a poet of the State of Chu who said, "The road ahead is long and arduous, but I will search for it up and down."

"Qu Yuan, surnamed Qu, given name Ping, courtesy name Yuan, was born in Zigui, Danyang, Chu State."

"He was a poet from the Chu State during the Warring States Period. He was born into a noble family and was said to be a descendant of the son of Xiong Tong, King Wu of Chu."

"Qu Yuan has the same surname as the king of Chu. It can be said that Qu Yuan is a real nobleman."

"With his noble status and superior family conditions, Qu Yuan not only received a good education since childhood, but also became a lover of books."

"Every day after school, he would go to a cave in the back mountain to study the Book of Songs, poetry, folk songs, etc. These accumulations of reading had a great influence on his future literary creation."

"Qu Yuan is not only talented, but also very handsome, and nine feet tall."

"He could have relied on his looks, but he chose to rely on his talent."

"Qu Yuan had great ambitions when he was young and wanted to become an outstanding official."

"He performed very well in school and became famous at the age of 15."

"Later, his reputation spread to the imperial court, and he soon gained the attention of King Huai of Chu, and was subsequently brought into the court to serve as an official."

"When Qu Yuan was 22 years old, he was already in a high position, serving as the left minister of the State of Chu."

"This is an official position that is second only to the Prime Minister."

"And only those who have gained a considerable degree of trust from the King of Chu can hold this position, and have the special power to report directly to the Prime Minister without going through the Prime Minister."

"Qu Yuan was in charge of all diplomatic work, so he was in high spirits at that time."

"After Qu Yuan assumed high office, he began to carry out in-depth reforms and reforms in the State of Chu."

"He explained the way to govern the country to assist the monarch in participating in state affairs, and revised the laws and regulations to govern the people."

"He advocated good governance, recommended talented people at home, and strongly advocated an alliance with Qi to fight against Qin."

"It made Chu gradually stronger and once became a powerful country on par with Qin and Qi."

"However, Qu Yuan, who achieved success at a young age, encountered the first setback in his life at the age of 23."

"In 317 BC, the Qin State underwent Shang Yang's reforms."

"The country's power is growing stronger day by day, and it has already posed a huge threat to the State of Chu."

"Although the Chu State also had Wu Qi's reforms, they ended in failure because they touched too many noble interests and lost the support of the King of Chu."

"So, after Wu Qi's reforms."

"Qu Yuan advocated reforms during the reign of King Huai of Chu, and fought with the aristocratic forces for several years, which led to a major change in the situation in Chu."

"But this reform also offended many villains, such as Prime Minister Zi Lan of Chu, Shangguan Dafu, and the favorite concubine of King Huai of Chu."

"At that time, Chu was forming an alliance with Qi, and Qin was trying to achieve its own strategic goals."

"He intended to destroy the alliance between Qi and Chu, so he sent Zhang Yi, who was known for his eloquence, to the State of Chu."

"After Zhang Yi arrived in Chu, the first person he met was Qu Yuan, who was in charge of diplomatic affairs."

"Qu Yuan is naturally very clear about Qin's intentions. If he agrees with Qin to terminate the Qi-Chu alliance."

"The Qin State will no longer have to worry about anything, and will be able to defeat the five states and unify the six states."

"And Chu would become a prey of Qin, so Qu Yuan immediately rejected Zhang Yi's request to meet King Huai of Chu."

"But Zhang Yi did not stop there. Instead, he bribed Shangguan Dafu with a large sum of money. Shangguan Dafu then presented slanderous remarks about Qu Yuan to King Huai of Chu."

"In 314 BC, King Huai of Chu dismissed Qu Yuan from his post as Zuotu and appointed him as Sanlu Dafu, in charge of clan affairs."

Liu Che: King Huai of Chu favored villains and distanced himself from wise ministers, which ultimately led to the demise of the Chu State.

During the Warring States Period, Qu Yuan was the Zuotu official of the State of Chu, which was ruled by King Huai of Chu.

Qu Yuan opposed the Qin State's aggressive war and advised King Huai of Chu to employ talented people and care for the people.

King Huai of Chu followed Qu Yuan's advice, and the State of Chu became stronger day by day.

Among the seven major powers in the Warring States Period, the most powerful invader was the Qin State in the west.

Qu Yuan advocated uniting the six countries to form an alliance to fight against Qin.

After obtaining the approval of King Huai of Chu, Qu Yuan began to travel as an envoy to the other five countries, lobbying the monarchs of Qi, Zhao, Yan, Wei and Han to form an alliance with Chu.

After Qu Yuan's unremitting efforts, the six countries finally established an alliance, and King Huai of Chu became the leader of the alliance.

The powerful alliance of the six countries curbed the aggression of Qin.

In a situation where there is no external threat and the country is stable.

Qu Yuan suggested that King Huai of Chu should rectify internal affairs, so King Huai of Chu asked Qu Yuan to compile a new law.

Qu Yuan cared about the people, so he wanted to draft a new law to limit the privileges of the nobility and benefit the people.

This news reached the ears of the nobles, so they tried to obstruct the king, hoping that King Huai of Chu would no longer trust Qu Yuan and thus not implement his new decree.

The leader of the nobles was King Huai of Chu's youngest son Zi Lan. He, together with Shangguan Dafu, spoke ill of Qu Yuan in front of King Huai of Chu.

After listening to their slander, King Huai of Chu gradually showed dissatisfaction with Qu Yuan.

At this time, the State of Qin obtained intelligence about the internal situation of the State of Chu, so it sent Prime Minister Zhang Yi to sow discord between Qu Yuan and King Huai of Chu, thereby breaking up the alliance of the six countries.

Before Zhang Yi left Qin, the King of Qin gave him a lot of gold, silver and treasures.

After Zhang Yi arrived at the capital of Chu State, he immediately gave many gifts to Zi Lan and Shangguan Dafu. As a result, the three of them colluded with each other and colluded with King Huai of Chu's favorite concubine.

The favored concubine accepted a pair of white shoes worth a fortune from Zhang Yi, and naturally joined them in dealing with Qu Yuan.

Zi Lan acted as a matchmaker and enabled Zhang Yi to meet King Huai of Chu.

King Huai of Chu coveted the 600-li land, so he was tempted, but he did not show it on the surface.

Afterwards, King Huai of Chu happily told his favorite concubine about this matter. The favorite concubine interfered and falsely accused Qu Yuan of asking Zhang Yi for a pair of white underwear.

King Huai of Chu set up a banquet to formally entertain Zhang Yi.

At the banquet, Zhang Yi once again brought up the idea of ​​an alliance between Qin and Chu, but Qu Yuan tried to obstruct it in every possible way.

Zhang Yi pulled Qu Yuan aside and was willing to exchange the white wall for Qu Yuan's consent.

Qu Yuan was confused, but King Huai of Chu became suspicious.

King Huai of Chu was thinking about the six hundred miles of land and the incident with Baibi, so he no longer believed Qu Yuan.

In this way, due to the instigation of villains, King Huai of Chu dismissed Qu Yuan.

"Without Qu Yuan's obstruction, Zhang Yi was able to meet King Huai of Chu smoothly and quickly."

"And they even pretended to promise King Huai of Chu that if Chu broke off its alliance with Qi, Qin would give Chu 600 li of land."

"In fact, this 600-li land originally belonged to the State of Chu, but was forcibly incorporated into the territory of the State of Qin through war."

"The State of Chu also tried every means to take it back, but its military strength was not strong enough to compete with that of the State of Qin."

"Now that Qin is willing to use this land in exchange for the severance of the alliance between Qi and Chu, this is naturally a good thing for King Huai of Chu, so King Huai of Chu immediately decided to sever diplomatic relations with Qi."

"King Huai of Chu naively thought that he could recover the lost land in this way. He thought that as long as he showed his sincerity, Qin would see it and return the land to him."

"Just as the news of the severance of the alliance between Qi and Chu came out, Zhang Yi suddenly disappeared without a trace."

"From a normal person's perspective, this transaction is clearly a blatant fraud."

"However, King Huai of Chu was so naive that he actually thought that Zhang Yi's disappearance was because the severance of the alliance was not thorough enough."

"Zhang Yi left because he didn't see Chu's sincerity."

"So, to show my determination."

"King Huai of Chu even sent people to Qi to scold the King of Qi. His only purpose was to completely break off ties with Qi."

"This time, King Huai of Chu got what he wanted, and the two countries of Qi and Chu broke off completely from then on."

"This time, King Huai of Chu finally felt relieved."

"Because he felt that he had shown enough sincerity to the Qin State, Zhang Yi also pretended to show up after learning the news."

"King Huai of Chu was very proud of this, thinking that he was very remarkable and had finally accomplished something great."

"However, when King Huai of Chu asked Qin for 600 li of land."

"Zhang Yi flatly denied it, claiming that he had only promised six li of land and never said it was six hundred li of land."

"The original 600 li of land has suddenly been reduced to 6 li, which is a full 100 times different from what was originally said. No matter who it is, they will be furious."

"King Huai of Chu was really furious, and this just happened to fall into Qin's trap."

"Zhang Yi's series of schemes were designed to cut off Chu's support, thereby angering Chu and causing it to initiate a war."

"And Chu has lost its backing. Fighting Qin at this time is like hitting a rock with an egg."

"However, King Huai of Chu's thinking is so simple that he must let out his anger."

"So when King Huai of Chu found out that he had been deceived, he didn't even think about what Qin's ultimate goal was, and immediately made an extremely stupid decision."

"Without any allies to help, Chu launched its own army to attack Qin, which was many times stronger than itself, and was soon defeated in the Battle of Danyang."

"After being defeated, King Huai of Chu was still unwilling to accept his defeat, and the more he thought about it, the angrier he became."

"So the next year, they went to war with Qin at Lantian, but were defeated again."

"At this time, King Huai of Chu not only failed to gain 600 li of land, but also lost a large number of troops and territory."

"After the disastrous defeat in the Battle of Blue Sky, King Huai of Chu finally realized his own problems. He felt that he couldn't rely on one person alone and had to find allies."

"So, King Huai of Chu began to miss his former ally Qi."

"In 311 BC, King Huai of Chu ordered the 29-year-old Qu Yuan to be re-employed and sent to Qi to conclude a new alliance."

Zhu Di: There is only one person in history who has such a close relationship with a festival and a folk custom.

When counting the ancient and modern Chinese sages, Qu Yuan should be among the first few.

In his opinion, Qu Yuan was the first creator of patriotic spirit in Chinese history who was truly commemorative.

The first truly loyal and courageous patriotic fighter who dared to sacrifice his life for his country.

No matter from which angle we look at it, when tracing the source of Chinese culture, we cannot help but look up to Qu Yuan.

First, the country comes first. Qu Yuan never gave up his responsibility to the country and his mission until his death.

The idea of ​​a unified China did not originate with Qin Shi Huang. The wars between the princes during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were actually wars of unification, which were the result of the demise and reconstruction of many imperial dreams.

Qu Yuan's political insight enabled him to see the nature of war and realize that the outcome of a war determines the survival of a country.

It is not just the gain or loss of a city or a pond, so Qu Yuan's worries are much deeper than those of ordinary people.

When a country is about to perish, there is no time to worry about personal grudges.

In order to safeguard national interests, Qu Yuan was willing to sacrifice his personal future and even his own life.

After all the disillusionment, Qu Yuan's last leap was to dedicate his life to the country.

This belief in loyalty to the country constitutes the main body of Qu Yuan's spirit and gradually becomes the core of the Chinese national spirit.

The second is loyalty to the emperor and concern for the people. Qu Yuan was in the government but worried about the world, and he was in the wilderness but his heart was still with the government.

For more than a thousand years, Qu Yuan's feelings of concern for the country, the emperor and the people have deeply influenced countless scholars.

"However, when Qu Yuan was on a diplomatic mission to Qi."

"Zhang Yi got the news from somewhere and immediately rushed to Chu. This time he tried to gain Chu's trust by means of marriage."

"Perhaps Zhang Yi's promise was too perfect, and King Huai of Chu actually put aside past grudges and agreed to form a marriage alliance with the State of Qin, which directly led to the failure of Qu Yuan's efforts to promote the alliance."

"Qu Yuan was extremely angry when he returned home. In his mind, Qin was a country of tigers and wolves, greedy and insatiable, and the best strategy was to unite with Qi." "So Qu Yuan went to court and angrily denounced King Huai of Chu for not marrying Qin."

"However, the result was that King Huai of Chu not only refused to listen, but also deposed Qu Yuan again."

"They even exiled him to the northern part of Han, and Qu Yuan was once again banished to the cold palace."

"King Huai of Chu's marriage to Qin also directly aroused Qi's strong dissatisfaction, so Qi joined forces with Wei and Han to attack Chu."

"The State of Chu saw that the situation was not good, so it had no choice but to turn to the State of Qin for help."

"Qin has always been regarded as a country of tigers and wolves. How could it do good things for no reason?"

"So Qin asked for the prince of Chu to be sent to Qin as a hostage before it would agree to rescue Chu."

"King Huai of Chu had no choice but to hand over the crown prince. Qin then sent troops to repel the coalition forces of Qi, Wei and Han."

"However, the prince of Chu in Qin was not content with his lot."

"Only one year later, the prince of Chu who was in Qin killed a Qin doctor in a private fight, and then fled back to Chu secretly."

"The relationship between Qin and Chu deteriorated sharply, and Qin once again joined forces with Qi, Wei and Han to attack Chu."

"Qu Yuan, who was in exile, was already worried and concerned about the country."

“As a result, after hearing about the country’s situation, I felt even more heartbroken.”

"He was angry that King Huai of Chu could not accept good advice, but listened to slander."

"So he wrote Li Sao in a state of sorrow and deep contemplation, expressing his deep concern for the fate of the Chu State and the lives of the people, and also expressing his anger and dissatisfaction with the corrupt politics."

"After the four-nation coalition attacked Chu, King Huai of Chu had no choice but to show weakness to Qin again, hoping that the coalition would stop attacking Chu."

"The King of Qin took this opportunity to arrange for King Huai of Chu to go to Qin alone to discuss a ceasefire between the two sides."

"In 299 BC, the 41-year-old Qu Yuan was recalled from exile."

"When he heard that King Huai of Chu was going to Qin, he suspected that this was another conspiracy of Qin, so he tried his best to dissuade King Huai of Chu from going to Qin."

"However, King Huai of Chu was stubborn and insisted on having his own way."

"As a result, he was controlled as soon as he entered the Qin checkpoint, and Qin threatened him to cede land again."

"The Chu State has learned that King Huai of Chu has been kidnapped by the Qin State. The country cannot be without a ruler for a day."

"So he immediately made the crown prince the new king, King Qingxiang of Chu."

"After King Qingxiang of Chu came to power, he refused to cede land to save his father, King Huai of Chu."

"The powerful Qin State then sent troops to attack Chu State. Chu State eventually lost 50,000 troops and 16 cities. King Huai of Chu died in Qin State three years later."

Li Shimin: If King Huai of Chu had listened to Qu Yuan's advice, he would not have been detained and the history of Chu would probably have been rewritten.

At that time, the powerful officials of Chu State strongly supported the alliance between Qin and Chu, but Qu Yuan, who was far-sighted, strongly opposed the alliance with Qin State in order to avoid becoming the target of criticism from the six countries.

It's a pity that the loyal ministers were marginalized due to the slander of villains.

Qu Yuan's advice was not accepted, and he was later exiled by King Huai of Chu because of slander.

Qu Yuan's first exile lasted for five years.

Sure enough, what Qu Yuan worried about happened.

Qi, Wei and Han formed a strategic alliance to attack the State of Chu.

The State of Chu was in a panic and asked its ally, the State of Qin, for help.

Although they were rescued, they had to pay a price and the Crown Prince of Chu was left in Qin as a hostage.

The relations between countries are ever-changing.

Because of the prince's murder, the relationship between Qin and Chu became tense.

The State of Qin tore up the alliance agreement and continued to have wars and frictions with the State of Chu.

Qu Yuan, who was in exile, wrote "Li Sao".

Take a long time to cover up one's tears, and mourn the hardship of the people's livelihood.

He let out a long sigh, tears streaming down his face, lamenting how difficult life was for the people.

There is a line among them that has become a masterpiece that has been passed down through the ages and is still being sung today.

The road is long and far away, and I will search up and down.

The road ahead is narrow and long, but I will pursue and explore it unyieldingly.

The poems reflect Qu Yuan's indomitable spirit, his persistence in his ideals and his refusal to give up.

After being exiled for five years, Qu Yuan returned to the State of Chu.

He continued to advocate resistance against Qin, but was once again ostracized and suppressed by treacherous villains.

King Zhaoxiang of Qin invited King Huai of Chu to a meeting at Wuguan, and promised that after the two countries formed an alliance, Qin would return the lost land to Chu.

On this issue, Qu Yuan, who was very insightful, issued a warning.

Qin is a country of tigers and wolves. It cannot be trusted. Don't go to the alliance.

However, Zi Lan, the son of King Huai of Chu, and others supported the meeting due to their own selfish motives. King Huai of Chu finally chose to go to Wuguan for the meeting.

The result was tragic. The State of Qin detained King Huai of Chu and forced him to cede the city.

King Huai of Chu still had some backbone, as he flatly rejected the threat from Qin.

King Huai of Chu was a great hero, but he was trapped in Qin for three years until his death.

From then on, the State of Chu had a new king, King Qingxiang of Chu, ascended the throne.

However, it was no longer able to compete with the Qin State and gradually declined.

The moment Qu Yuan was suppressed and excluded, the fate of the State of Chu was sealed.

"A few years later, it was 293 BC."

"In order to unify the six kingdoms, Qin began to attack Han again, adhering to the strategy of attacking the weakest kingdom. In the end, Qin's general Bai Qi defeated the 24-strong coalition army of Han."

"King Qingxiang of Chu was extremely shocked when he heard the news and was very afraid that Qin would invade again."

"So he prepared to be humble to Qin and wanted to be Qin's younger brother in order to seek safety."

"Qu Yuan felt deeply saddened when he saw the cowardly King Qingxiang of Chu."

"He again raised objections, arguing that such cowardice would allow Qin to take further action."

"In the end, Chu will be completely defeated. Only by uniting with other countries can it compete with Qin."

"However, King Qingxiang of Chu inherited King Huai of Chu's stubborn temper and refused to listen to any of Qu Yuan's advice. As a result, the 47-year-old Qu Yuan was exiled again."

"Qu Yuan was already disheartened after being exiled this time."

"So he deliberately chose to live in the remote Xiangxi region, and he stayed there for 16 years."

"During this period, he produced a great deal of outstanding literary work."

"Many of them express his ardent patriotism and reflect his persistent pursuit of his ideals and his unrepentant spirit."

"Just as Qu Yuan once said, King Qingxiang of Chu's cowardice not only failed to win Qin's sympathy, but only made Qin's aggressiveness become more aggressive."

"In 278 BC, the Qin general Bai Qi, known as the butcher of men, led his army to capture the capital of Chu."

"King Qingxiang of Chu and a group of nobles fled in panic. When Qu Yuan, who was far away in Xiangxi, heard about this."

"In order to prevent the two generations of Chu kings from making the same mistake again, he was willing to take the risk of offending his superiors and once again admonish King Qingxiang of Chu, trying to scold him and wake him up."

"It's just that Qu Yuan used up almost all his strength, but it was still useless, and he witnessed how his country gradually declined and perished."

"When he learned that the capital of Chu had been captured, the last glimmer of hope in his heart was completely shattered, so Qu Yuan came to the Miluo River in extreme despair."

"There was a fisherman by the river at the time. He saw Qu Yuan dying and asked why."

"Qu Yuan lamented that the whole world was turbid while he was the only one who was clear, and that everyone else was drunk while he was the only one who was sober. Then he jumped into the Miluo River holding a large stone without looking back."

"That day was the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, and a patriotic poet passed away at the age of 63."

"Later, in order to commemorate this great patriotic poet, people celebrated the Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month every year, ate rice dumplings, and rowed dragon boats to express their deep remembrance and high respect for him."

Su Shi: Qu Yuan's ideas of loyalty to the emperor and patriotism were recognized by the world, and he became a synonym for patriotism.

Qu Yuan was exiled by King Qingxiang of Chu and was never allowed to return to the court.

From then on, Qu Yuan wandered around and had no fixed place to live until his death.

During Qu Yuan's exile, he traveled around mountains and rivers and expressed his feelings for them.

But Qu Yuan did not forget the State of Chu, nor did he forget his responsibilities as a Chu citizen.

Qu Yuan created a large number of romantic literary poems full of patriotic enthusiasm.

Being exiled for 18 years, this is such unbearable and inhuman treatment.

For ordinary people, let alone 18 years, even 3 years would be unbearable.

Some people commit suicide, some become disgusted with the world, some become cynical, some just play around with the world, go with the flow, and become degenerate.

However, Qu Yuan was not an ordinary person.

He did not go with the flow or give up.

He placed his patriotic enthusiasm for the State of Chu in his literary works, and he wanted to use his literary talent to awaken the numb souls of the world.

He has not forgotten his patriotism, and all his patriotic feelings are reflected in his works.

He believed that one day his patriotic ideas would be recognized by the world.

His work "Li Sao" pioneered Chinese romantic literature.

He had a profound influence on later poetry and became the founder of Chinese romantic literature.

But unfortunately, the Qin general Bai Qi captured the capital of Chu. This shocking news made Qu Yuan faint.

The fire of hope in Qu Yuan's heart was extinguished by the ruthless and cruel reality.

He lost his appetite and walked outside for several days in a daze until he came to the Miluo River.

He missed the prosperous period of Chu, hated Qin, and hated the treacherous villains of Chu even more.

Qu Yuan walked in a daze along the bank of the Miluo River. He found a smooth stone, which in his heart was the pure land that had never been trampled upon by the enemy.

Then he took off his outer garment, wrapped the stone in it, and tied the stone to himself with his belt.

Facing the Miluo River in front of him, Qu Yuan sighed deeply and then jumped in.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the borders between countries were not clear.

A city may belong to the State of Chu today, but may become the territory of the State of Qin tomorrow.

The same was true of the talents in the Warring States Period. For example, Zhang Yi served Qin for many years, but when Qin lost power, he defected to Wei.

But Qu Yuan remained loyal to his motherland throughout his life, and he was a Chu citizen until his death.

This is even more valuable in the Warring States period when talents flowed freely.

Qu Yuan loved the State of Chu and its people and was loyal to it all his life.

However, he had a rough life. He was repeatedly falsely accused and framed by villains and was distrusted by King Huai of Chu again and again.

What is commendable is that he never gave up on reviving the Chu State.

Qu Yuan had also been sad and disappointed, but every time he suffered injustice, it eventually turned into motivation for him to devote himself to the revival of the Chu state again.

In terms of political ability alone, Qu Yuan may not be as good as those strategists who traveled across the world.

But his patriotic enthusiasm and the beautiful words he wrote with his blood are enough to make him famous through the ages.

After Qu Yuan's death, some people threw rice dumplings into the Miluo River to feed the fish and prevent Qu Yuan's body from being destroyed by fish.

This shows that people have great love and respect for Qu Yuan, a patriotic man with noble character. (End of this chapter)