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Speaking of heroines in history, the first thing people think of is.

Either she is Hua Mulan, who joined the army for her father, or she is a loyal and brave female general of the Yang family.

But in Chinese history, due to the low status of women, women could only become famous and be recorded in history through poetry, chastity, or the upbringing of their sons and nephews.

There is a woman who is the only female general in China's thousands of years whose military exploits have been recorded in official history alone, and her achievements are also included in the biographies of kings, princes, generals and ministers.

She is the only woman in Chinese history whose biography is recorded in official history.

She is the only female marquis in Chinese history.

She is a brilliant figure in Chinese history, both in literary talent and in martial arts.

The White Spear Soldiers she led have a great reputation in Chinese history.

She is the heroine of the late Ming Dynasty, the first female warrior General Qin Liangyu.

Not only is she a skilled martial artist, but she is also as good as other male generals in leading troops.

"Qin Liangyu was born in the second year of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty. Her father was a tribute student of the county school."

"Qin Liangyu was familiar with classics and history since childhood, and married Tusi Ma Qiancheng at an early age."

"Qin Liangyu was a brave and resourceful person, skilled in riding and shooting, skilled in poetry and prose, and graceful in demeanor."

"In the 27th year of the Wanli reign, Sichuan chieftain Yang Yinglong rebelled."

"Qin Liangyu's husband Ma Qiancheng led 3,000 troops to follow Governor Li Hualong to the battle, and Qin Liangyu led another 500 elite soldiers to escort the food and fodder."

"In the first month of the following year, Yang Yinglong took advantage of Li Hualong's army's banquet and launched a surprise attack at night."

"Qin Liangyu and her husband were the first to defeat them, and then they pursued them to Yang's main camp, and successively broke through seven camps."

"Afterwards, Qin Liangyu defeated Yang Yinglong's army and was the most meritorious soldier in Nanchuan."

"After Yang Yinglong was pacified, Qin Liangyu did not take credit for it."

"Later, Ma Qiancheng died of illness in prison, and Qin Liangyu took over his position."

"Qin Liangyu was strict in her military discipline. Every time she issued an order, the troops were in good order and in awe."

"The army she led was known as the White Spear Army, and was famous far and wide."

"In 1620, the Later Jin attacked the Liaodong region of the Ming Dynasty."

"The Ming court summoned Qin Liangyu to lead troops to aid Liaodong. Qin Liangyu sent her brother to lead several thousand people to set off first."

"In the first year of the Tianqi reign, the Later Jin surrounded Shenyang, an important city in Liaoning."

"Qin Liangyu led 3,000 elite soldiers to the battlefield at Shanhaiguan, and no one was harmed wherever she went."

"The Ming dynasty issued an imperial decree to give her the second-rank official uniform and conferred her the title of Imperial Consort. Qin Liangyu's son Ma Xianglin was also conferred the title of Commander."

"Qin Liangyu petitioned the court for her brother's death in battle and requested preferential treatment and compensation."

"She said that her achievements since conquering Bozhou could not stop the jealousy and slander. Her loyalty was praised by everyone. Emperor Xizong Zhu Youxiao immediately issued an edict to treat her well."

"The Minister of War took the opportunity to say that the bloody battle at Hunhe River that killed thousands of enemies was actually the work of other chieftains."

"After my brother died in battle, Qin Liangyu immediately sent an envoy to the capital."

"Please make 1,500 winter clothes and distribute them to the remaining soldiers, and I will personally lead the troops to Shanhaiguan."

"The first is to help the country in danger, the second is to avenge one's own personal vengeance. One should recruit his brother's son as an official."

"The Ministry of War asked Qin Liangyu to recruit another 2,000 soldiers, so she and her brother rushed back home."

"Only one day after arriving home, Fan Long, a general under the Yongning Tusi, started a rebellion in Chongqing. He sent an envoy with gold, silver and jewels to ask Qin Liangyu for an alliance."

"Qin Liangyu killed the messenger and immediately sent troops to fight, taking her brother with her."

"They went upstream and passed through Yucheng, taking advantage of Fanlong's army when they were unprepared."

"We marched straight to Nanping Pass in Chongqing, cut off Fan's army's retreat, set up ambushes in the two rivers, and burned Fan's army's ships."

"Later, Qin Liangyu sent some troops to defend the city, and Fan Long's army was defeated as soon as it appeared."

"Not long after, She Chongming surrounded Chengdu. The situation was critical, and the governor ordered Qin Liangyu to go and attack him."

"At that time, local chieftains deliberately stayed put and did not advance because they accepted bribes from She Chongming."

"Only Qin Liangyu beat the drums and marched west. After she led her army to recapture Xindu, she marched straight into Chengdu, and She Chongming's army lifted the siege and retreated."

"Qin Liangyu led her brother back with the army to attack the lost territory and recapture Chongqing."

Liu Rushi: The most unique white-pole soldier in the Ming Dynasty, the female general Qin Liangyu led the Sichuan Army forward.

The leader of the White Spear Soldiers was the female general Qin Liangyu, and the White Spear Soldiers were an iron army trained and built by her.

The reason why the White-Pole Soldiers made the enemy tremble in fear was because Qin Liangyu's White-Pole Soldiers were very powerful.

First, unique mountain combat weapons.

The white-handled spear is a weapon created by Qin Liangyu based on the mountainous and dangerous terrain of Sichuan.

It is made of strong local white wood, with a hook with a blade on top and a hard iron ring at the bottom.

It is somewhat similar to the hook-and-sickle spear that the legendary Yue Fei used to defeat the Jin heavy cavalry, which can stab, sweep and hook.

This weapon is very suitable for mountain warfare, whether climbing walls, crossing cities, or crossing dangerous cliffs.

For the white-spear soldiers, dozens of spears hooked together were easy to fly over.

Second, the white-spear soldier formation.

The White Spear Army formation inherited the Tang Army's formation method. It is a cone-shaped formation that combines super-long spears with spear and shield soldiers.

If the soldiers in the first row are injured and fall down, the soldiers in the second row will immediately take their place.

The soldiers in the third, fourth and fifth rows and the soldiers supporting the formation at the back also made corresponding adjustments and continued to replenish to ensure the integrity of the formation.

They cooperated on the battlefield and in the mountains and showed great flexibility, being able to advance and retreat freely and being capable of both offense and defense.

Third, the fearless white-flag soldiers.

In the Battle of Sarhu, the Ming Dynasty suffered a crushing defeat and the entire military camp was destroyed.

The Northeast was in danger, and Qin Liangyu sent the White Spear Soldiers to Shenyang to fight against the Later Jin.

The land on both sides of the Hunhe River is flat, which is actually very unfavorable for infantry.

Facing the Later Jin cavalry, the infantry could not catch up even if they won, and could not escape even if they were defeated.

It is actually very dangerous to attack head-on, let alone when the force is several times your size.

But even so, the White Spear Soldiers marched forward and were the first to cross the river to attack Nurhaci's Later Jin cavalry.

The strange white spear made the Later Jin cavalry distracted and panic-stricken.

In the end, the most elite Yellow Flag Army was defeated by the strong White Spear Army, which bought time for Qi's Army on the south bank to form a battle formation.

Just as the Eight Banners Army and the Ming Army were fighting to a draw, the rebels found a captured Ming artilleryman and offered a huge reward of 1,000 gold coins, demanding that he fire at the Ming Army.

As a result, they were isolated and helpless, and all the soldiers of the Baigan Army and the Qi Family Army were killed in battle, and none of them surrendered.

"When Qin Liangyu first went to war, she submitted a petition to the court, and the court ordered her to be conferred the title of Madam."

"When she recaptured Chongqing, the court appointed her as the commander-in-chief."

"Qin Liangyu was grateful to the court and fought even harder, completely suppressing the rebellion in Sichuan."

"Taking into account the contributions Qin Liangyu had made in assisting Guizhou, the imperial court rewarded her with gold coins several times."

"In the third year of the Tianqi reign, Qin Liangyu submitted a petition to the imperial court."

"He said that he and his two nephews fought hard and won great victories one after another."

"And the generals who alienated their ruler and his subjects only boasted, but when they saw the enemy soldiers, they fled."

"When they lose, they are afraid that others will win the battle. When they fear their enemies, they are afraid that others will become strong in heart."

"For example, General Li Weixin was such a person. He returned to the camp after failing in the battle of crossing the river, but he refused to let me in."

"A man six feet tall who is jealous of a woman like himself should die of shame if he thinks about it at night."

"Emperor Tianqi issued an edict to appease Qin Liangyu and ordered all civil and military officials to treat her with courtesy and not to be suspicious of her."

"In the same year, my elder brother Qin Minping followed the governor to fight. After the war was lost, he fled first."

"That winter, Qin Minping followed the expedition to Dafang again and won many victories."

"In the first month of the following year, Qin Minping returned to the capital. On the way, he was ambushed by the enemy and died on the battlefield."

"Qin Liangyu requested a pension from the court, a temple was built to commemorate Qin Minping, and his two sons were also given official titles."

"In the third year of Chongzhen, the Later Jin army occupied the four cities of Yongping, and the Later Jin Khan Huang Taiji besieged the capital."

"Qin Liangyu was ordered to go to the capital to defend the emperor, and she used her own property as military pay."

"Emperor Chongzhen Zhu Youjian specially issued an edict to praise her, summoned Qin Liangyu to the platform, gave her coins and wine, and composed four poems to praise her merits."

"Later, Ming general Sun Chengzong recaptured the four cities of Yongping, and Huang Taiji withdrew his troops."

"Emperor Chongzhen ordered Qin Liangyu to return to her hometown and left Qin Yiming stationed near the capital."

"In the second year, Sun Chengzong built Dalinghe City, and Qin Yiming led 10,000 people to guard it. After the city was built, he led his troops back." "In the seventh year of Chongzhen, the peasant army conquered Henan, and Qin Yiming was appointed the general commander and led his troops to attack."

"After that, Qin Yiming won many battles and cut off the peasant army's path forward."

"But because he failed to report the defeat of his men, he was demoted two ranks."

"Qin Yiming later defeated the peasant army several times, but was tricked into surrendering by the peasant army."

"Qin Yiming was reprimanded by Emperor Chongzhen and later dismissed from office due to impeachment."

"Since Qin Liangyu returned to her hometown from the capital, she has not gone out to help attack the peasant army, but has been focusing on punishing the uprising army in Sichuan."

"In the seventh year of Chongzhen, the peasant army leader Zhang Xianzhong captured Chongqing and retreated only after seeing Qin Liangyu's arrival."

"Qin Liangyu led troops in pursuit, and Zhang Xianzhong was defeated and retreated to the Huguang area, where he later accepted the imperial court's offer of amnesty."

"In the 13th year of Chongzhen, Zhang Xianzhong joined forces with another peasant army leader, Luo Rucai, to rebel again."

"Luo Rucai marched into Chongqing, Qin Liangyu led his troops to catch up, and he retreated without fighting."

"Qin Liangyu pursued the enemy to Majiazhai and killed 600 enemy soldiers."

"After that, Qin Liangyu repeatedly defeated Luo Rucai's army and killed its leader, and the strength of this peasant army gradually declined."

Cao Xueqin: Qin Liangyu was a woman of great military talent, which enabled her to win many wars in the future.

Qin Liangyu was an absolutely loyal minister to the Ming Dynasty.

Perhaps it was because she had studied with her father, a tribute student, and received orthodox Confucian education since childhood, loyalty to the emperor and serving the country had been engraved in her soul.

So even though her husband was later arrested and imprisoned by the Ming Dynasty and eventually died of illness in prison, she had no intention of rebelling against the Ming Dynasty.

On the contrary, she forgot the family scandal, chose justice, took over her husband's chieftain duties, and fought against foreign enemies and suppressed civil unrest for the Ming Dynasty.

Even later, when the Ming Dynasty had already fallen, she still insisted on resisting the Qing Dynasty.

While he was ill, he received an imperial edict from the Southern Ming court, hoping to serve his country with his life.

Qin Liangyu remained loyal to the Ming Dynasty from beginning to end, and was willing to sacrifice her life for the country.

She made countless military achievements and was in no way inferior to male generals. She is a historical portrayal of women being as good as men.

1. The Pingbo Campaign: In the 27th year of the Wanli reign, Yang Yinglong, the chieftain of Bozhou, rebelled.

In this trial, Qin Liangyu led 500 elite soldiers and brought her own dry food to follow her husband to the battle.

During the battle, he saw through the sneak attack plan and defeated the enemy army, becoming the first in the Nanchuan Route's military exploits.

Second, guarding Shanhaiguan, Nurhaci launched a campaign during the Wanli period.

The Ming army suffered a crushing defeat in the Battle of Sarhu, and their morale was low, so they fled upon hearing the news.

Qin Liangyu followed the imperial order and led her son to defend Shanhaiguan and won the victory.

3. In the Pingshe Campaign, She Chongming rebelled and surrounded Chengdu.

Qin Liangyu led her army to attack Chengdu, defeated the enemy and recovered the lost territory.

Because of Qin Liangyu's outstanding contributions, she was rewarded by the court.

Fourth, in the War to Support the King, he was summoned by Chongzhen to go north to support the king.

Qin Liangyu and her nephew spent all their family wealth as military pay to recover lost territory.

5. Suppressed the rebellion in Sichuan and achieved victories in Chengdu and Chongqing.

"At the same time, the commander-in-chief Yang Sichang drove all the peasant troops to Sichuan."

"At that time, the Sichuan governor led 20,000 old, weak and disabled soldiers to garrison Chongqing, relying only on the armies of Qin Liangyu and Zhang Ling."

"But the Sichuan governor did not understand the art of war and stationed Qin Liangyu only 30 or 40 miles away from Chongqing, thus losing the geographical advantage in the war."

"It happened that Lu Xunzhi, the governor of Mianzhou, was dismissed and returned to his hometown, and the governor sent him to inspect the camp."

"Qin Liangyu prepared a banquet to entertain him and complained to him about the problems with the governor's deployment of the defense."

"Qin Liangyu lamented that the governor did not fight for the mountains and dangerous places, but passively defended here."

"If the enemy occupies the high peaks and commands a commanding position, they can advance straight into Chongqing, and Chongqing will surely be defeated."

"Zhou Zhi Lu Xunzhi also agreed with her statement, and soon the governor moved to the military camp to respond to Qin Liangyu's army."

"In October of that year, Zhang Xianzhong defeated the Ming Dynasty's official army in succession, and then crossed the Yangtze River from Shangma to attack."

"Qin Liangyu and her allies quickly blocked the attack and defeated the vanguard of Zhang Xianzhong's army."

"Afterwards, Zhang Ling died in battle, and Qin Liangyu went to rescue him but failed. She also failed in her repeated battles, and all of the 30,000 soldiers she led were killed or wounded."

"Qin Liangyu went to see Governor Xiang alone, told him the situation was urgent, and requested to call on her 20,000 soldiers from other places to fight."

"She can pay half of the military pay, and the other half needs to be paid by the government."

"The governor rejected Qin Liangyu's plan because he was at odds with Yang Sichang and there was no ready-made grain in the warehouse."

"Qin Liangyu left with a sigh. At that time, the Thirteenth Peasant Army was rampant in Sichuan."

"There was a member of Qin Liangyu's clan who served as his spy. After being caught, he killed the jailer and escaped."

"Qin Liangyu personally captured him and handed him over to the authorities, and none of his men escaped."

"In the 16th year of Chongzhen, Zhang Xianzhong completely conquered Hubei and prepared to attack Sichuan again."

"Qin Liangyu reported the situation in Sichuan to the governor Chen Shiqi and requested additional troops to guard the thirteen passes. Chen Shiqi did not adopt her strategy."

"Qin Liangyu then reported this to the inspector Liu Zhibo, who agreed with her plan but had no extra troops available."

"In the 17th year of Chongzhen, Zhang Xianzhong marched straight into Chongqing and attacked it."

"Qin Liangyu went to help, but was outnumbered and retreated in defeat."

"After the entire Sichuan province was conquered by Zhang Xianzhong, Qin Liangyu gave an impassioned speech to her subordinates."

"She said that her two brothers died for the country, and she, as a woman, had received the country's grace for twenty years. Now that the situation has come to this, she will not surrender to the enemy."

"Afterwards, Qin Liangyu summoned all her subordinates and set military rules, saying that anyone who defected to Zhang Xianzhong would be killed without mercy."

"They divided their troops to guard the borders in all directions. The peasant army recruited chieftains all over Sichuan, but they did not dare to set foot in Shiqu."

"In the third year of the Shunzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty, the Longwu Emperor of the Southern Ming Dynasty in Fuzhou conferred the title of Grand Tutor to the Crown Prince on Qin Liangyu, and conferred the title of Marquis of Loyalty on her, and ordered her to lead troops to resist the Qing army."

"Qin Liangyu, who was already 72 years old at the time, accepted the title and prepared to lead the army."

"Later, Emperor Longwu was defeated by the Qing army in Fuzhou, and the uprising was interrupted."

"In the fifth year of the Shunzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty, Qin Liangyu died of illness. Before her death, she told her descendants not to surrender to the Qing Dynasty."

Sai Jinhua: The Eight Beauties of Qinhuai were famous for their talents, but Qin Liangyu was known for her loyalty and bravery.

Both lived in the turbulent times of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Compared with the literary talent and elegance of the Eight Beauties of Qinhuai, Qin Liangyu's heroic image as a female hero on the battlefield is more fascinating.

As a female military commander, Qin Liangyu had a military career spanning more than 40 years and traveled all over the country.

She participated in many major battles in her life.

Until his later years, he still insisted on holding high the banner of resistance against the Qing Dynasty, and even at the age of over 70 he was still preparing to go to Fujian to fight against the Qing Dynasty.

As a legendary heroine, Qin Liangyu created many firsts in history.

The first one is that she is the only female general in history who was awarded a title of nobility for her military merits and the only one who was officially awarded a salary by the imperial court.

She is also the only woman in the Twenty-Four Histories who has been recorded in the official history and has a separate biography, apart from the biographies of emperors and their concubines.

Qin Liangyu's brothers, sons, daughter-in-law, and nephews all died on the battlefield, so her family was full of loyal heroes.

In the face of internal and external troubles, she did not vent her anger on the court because of her husband's unjust death.

On the contrary, when the Ming Dynasty was in turmoil, various forces were trying to profit for themselves.

However, she put the country first and did her best to keep the country safe and maintain domestic stability.

Until the last moment of his life, he tried his best to defend his homeland.

She was awarded the title of nobility for her military achievements, and became the only female hero listed in the official biographies of generals and ministers.

The second uniqueness is that she is the only female general in history who was honored with a poem by the emperor.

At the end of Chongzhen's reign, the Qing army approached Beijing and the court urgently called on the whole country to come to the defense.

Qin Liangyu not only fought bravely, but also led her sons and nephews to donate their family wealth.

After the siege of the capital was lifted, Chongzhen summoned this female general with outstanding military achievements to the imperial palace.

He composed four poems on the spot and wrote them personally as a gift to praise his contribution.

The third unique thing is that both her mother’s family and her husband’s family are full of loyal and brave people, which is also unique in the history of frontier ethnic groups.

When Qin Liangyu was young, she married Sichuan chieftain Ma Qiancheng.

Ma Qiancheng was a descendant of General Ma Yuan, who was loyal to his country and the court. Later, he was framed and died in prison.

Qin Liangyu's two elder brothers and one younger brother died in battle one after another, and her son and daughter-in-law also died one after another.

As a woman, Qin Liangyu also attracted the praises of later generations of literati for her personal achievements, rather than her beauty or tragic fate like the Eight Beauties of Qinhuai. (End of this chapter)