The videos I watched became popular in ancient times

There is no prosperity that will not end in the world; this is the law of nature.

In ancient China, the contradiction between population and land was often the root cause of the end of a prosperous era.

For example, during the reign of Emperor Wen and Emperor Jing, the policy of inaction was implemented.

This led to serious land annexation, causing a large number of farmers to become dependents or even slaves.

During the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, the equal-field system collapsed, peasants fled, and almost half of the world's population was wiped out.

The Qing Dynasty was also unable to escape this rule, and the White Lotus Rebellion is generally considered to be a sign of the end of the Kangxi and Qianlong eras of prosperity.

By the end of the Qianlong period, land annexation was serious and the country was in decline.

The White Lotus Rebellion was one of the three largest anti-Qing uprisings in China during the transition period between the Ming and Qing dynasties. The main cause of the uprising was the dissatisfaction of the people.

In this uprising, Wang Cong'er's performance left a deep mark in history.

As a woman, she was in the feudal society at that time.

It is not easy to obtain such a high social status and serve as the commander-in-chief of the rebel army, on par with male military commanders.

"Wang Cong'er was born in Huanglong Town, Xiangyang, Hubei Province, and lost his father at a young age."

"Because my family was poor, I learned acrobatics from my mother."

"Horse jumping, tightrope walking, swordplay, and club wielding are all outstanding."

"The mother and daughter traveled all over the country with their skills, leading a wandering life."

"As early as the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there were White Lotus Societies among the people."

"By the Qing Dynasty, the White Lotus had developed into a secret organization against the Qing Dynasty."

"The Qing dynasty is over, the sun and moon will return to the Ming dynasty."

"Wang Cong'er's husband Qi Lin is the eldest disciple of Song Zhiqing of the Western Heaven Mahayana Sect. He is the chief sect leader of Xiangyang and is known as the Grand Master."

"After Wang Cong'er met Qi Lin, he introduced her to the White Lotus Sect and she and Qi Lin became husband and wife."

"From the 53rd to the 59th year of Emperor Qianlong's reign, Song Zhiqing, the leader of the White Lotus Sect, taught missionaries and secretly instigated an uprising against the Qing Dynasty."

"In the fifty-ninth year of Qianlong's reign, the uprising was exposed."

"Then every province went door to door searching for members of the White Lotus Sect."

"In October, almost all the White Lotus leaders were arrested, except for a few people including Liu Zhixie who escaped."

"Song Zhiqing, Wang Yinghu, and Liu Song were tortured to death, and Qi Lin and dozens of others were beheaded."

"After Qi Lin's death, Wang Cong'er was elected as the leader."

"In the first year of Jiaqing, Wang Cong'er and others started an uprising in Huanglongzhai, Xiangyang, Qi Lin's hometown."

"Wang Cong'er was appointed as the chief teacher and became one of the main leaders of the White Lotus Rebellion in Xiangyang."

"The battle history of the Xiangyang Uprising Army led by Wang Cong'er can be roughly divided into three stages."

"From March to September of the first year of Jiaqing, the uprising army rose up and quickly grew stronger."

“We tried to establish a base in Zhongxiang, but failed.”

"After crushing the Qing army's key encirclement and suppression, we began our expedition."

"After Wang Cong'er and others led the rebel army to revolt in Huanglongzhai, they first launched the Battle of Xiangfan."

"The rebels' strengths are that they are familiar with the terrain, have the support of the common people, and have an absolute advantage in numbers. Their weaknesses are that their weapons are inferior to those of the Qing army."

"So, when the rebels fought, they adopted the tactic of rushing into the enemy's formation quickly and engaging in close combat."

"Use your own strengths to attack their weaknesses, defeat the Qing army, and win the first victory."

"The Battle of Zhongxiang was a major battle between Wang Cong'er's rebel army and the Qing army."

"The rebels entered Zhongxiang, and Emperor Jiaqing was very panicked, so he focused on suppressing the rebels."

"Faced with the Qing army's concentrated encirclement and suppression, Wang Cong'er took advantage of the favorable terrain with complicated mountain roads and the weakness of the Qing army with less than 10,000 troops."

"Take the initiative and pretend to attack the Qing army's grain station to mobilize the Qing army."

"Then we will adopt the tactics of meeting the enemy from both the north and south and breaking through in different directions."

"The rebels engaged the Qing army in close combat at Chenjiahe, annihilated a large number of Qing troops, and achieved their first victory after the breakout from Zhongxiang."

"Afterwards, Wang Cong'er led the rebel army to advance from Hubei to Henan, galloping across the Xiangdeng Plain."

Cao Xueqin: An uprising actually dealt a heavy blow to the Qing government. The White Lotus Sect defeated the strong with its weak force and fought against the Qing troops in 16 provinces.

In the first year of the Jiaqing reign, a snowstorm in the first month of the year could not conceal the war on the borders of Sichuan, Hubei and Shaanxi provinces.

The White Lotus Sect, which had long been popular among the people, suddenly became the vanguard of resistance against the Qing government.

It was originally a safe haven for refugees, but it also became the cradle of an uprising.

They live in poverty and are exploited to the point where they can hardly survive.

The White Lotus Sect became their lifeline.

In the late Qianlong period, social contradictions were like a taut string that could break at any time.

The people were living a hard life, and the White Lotus Sect was like a fuse that ignited the gunpowder.

The slogan "Huang Tian will die, Cang Tian will live" immediately ignited the hearts of the believers.

However, before the fire started, the Qing government smelled smoke.

They began a large-scale hunt for the White Lotus Sect members, and local officials took advantage of this opportunity to extort money and commit all kinds of evil.

No matter whether you are a member of the White Lotus sect or not, as long as you cannot come up with the money, you will be treated as a White Lotus bandit.

The people, who were already living in dire straits, were forced into a desperate situation and had no choice but to rise up in resistance.

Wang Cong'er has been wandering around the world since he was young. He is skilled in riding and shooting, and is beautiful and brave.

Her husband Qi Lin was the chief officer of Xiangyang County and the chief teacher of the White Lotus Sect in Xiangyang area.

Originally, they planned to launch the uprising on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, the Lantern Festival, but the plot was leaked.

Qi Lin was captured and killed, and his head was hung on the city gate for public display.

Wang Cong'er was heartbroken when she saw this scene, and she vowed to avenge her husband.

Wang Cong'er was elected as the chief teacher. She led thousands of White Lotus members and revolted in Huanglonglai, Xiangyang, Qi Lin's hometown.

Wang Cong'er was only twenty years old that year. She was dressed in all white and looked heroic, like a female general descending from the sky.

Under her leadership, the rebel army was unstoppable and soon captured several states and counties.

This uprising, like a fire, ignited the panic of the Qing government.

In addition to Wang Cong'er, there were other people who also revolted.

They echoed the White Lotus Army led by Wang Cong'er and their momentum grew stronger and stronger.

In order to put down the uprising, the Qing government tried every possible means and adopted the strategy of clearing the countryside.

However, they still failed to stop the rebels.

Although the uprising ultimately failed, the White Lotus rebels occupied or captured 204 counties and cities during the more than nine years of fighting.

They fought against the large number of troops mobilized by the Qing government from 16 provinces and annihilated a large number of Qing troops.

This uprising was like a storm, which severely damaged the vitality of the Qing Dynasty, and its rule gradually declined thereafter.

To be honest, the White Lotus Rebellion was truly a tragic struggle.

Those refugees originally just wanted a peaceful life.

But they were forced into a corner and had no choice but to rise up in resistance.

Their courage and spirit are truly admirable.

At the same time, the uprising also exposed the corruption and incompetence of the Qing government.

They only know how to extort money from the people, but don't know how to resolve social conflicts.

How could such a Qing government gain the support of the people?
So although the White Lotus Rebellion failed, its significance was very significant.

It allowed people to see the courage and strength of the people, and also allowed the world to see the corruption and incompetence of the Qing government.

This uprising, like a mirror, reflected the true face of that era.

"The Qing army was exhausted from chasing and became tired without fighting, while the rebels annihilated the Qing army in the movement."

"From the first year of Jiaqing to the second year of Jiaqing, Wang Cong'er led his troops to start a strategic shift."

"Finally, they joined forces with the various rebel forces in Sichuan, pushing the White Lotus Rebellion to a climax."

"The various Xiangyang uprising armies cooperated with each other and used the tactic of making a feint to the east and attacking in the west."

"The rebels should have headed west to Sichuan, but instead they first split into three groups and headed north to surrender in Henan."

"In February of the second year of Jiaqing, Wang Cong'er met Gao Junde in Hanyin, Shaanxi."

"In late April, he met up with Wang Tingzhao and Li Quan in Zhen'an."

"The rebels were either divided or united, moving back and forth at random, which confused the Qing army."

"Wang Cong'er fought bravely, and the women soldiers she led were swift and agile on horseback, making them invincible."

"In a battle in March, Wang Cong'er was injured and the rebel soldiers quickly rescued her."

"The Xiangyang uprising army crossed the Han River, which thwarted the Qing army's plan to annihilate them north of the Han River, and laid the foundation for the Sichuan-Hubei uprising army to join forces."

"From June of the second year of Jiaqing to March of the following year, Wang Cong'er used tactics such as ambushes and luring battles to break through the heavy blockade of the Qing army in Baidi City."

"Wang Tingzhao's troops attacked Shimen and tied down the main force of the Qing army. The rebels quickly reached Hubei."

"As the Qing army was in hot pursuit, the rebels entered Shaanxi from Fangzhu and then split into several routes to enter Sichuan."

"Gao Junde's troops sneaked across the Han River and fiercely attacked Baocheng, luring out the enemy's main force."

"Then, the rebels crossed the Han River and headed straight for Xi'an."

"Since all of Li's operations were defeated, Wang Cong'er and others were forced to change their plans."

"When he returned to Hubei and entered Yunxi, he was unfortunately surrounded by the Qing army and local militia, and died heroically."

"The Xiangyang uprising army first entered Kuizhou in order to return to Hubei."

"In order to disperse the Qing army's strength, the rebel army split into two groups."

"Wang Cong'er led a group of rebels to Kuizhou, and secretly sent another group of rebels to sneak around the east of the county city through the ditch behind the mountain and occupy Baidi City first."

"In late June of the same year, Wang Cong'er led his troops through the natural barrier of Wushan and advanced towards Hubei."

"Because the Qing army's defense was very strict, Wang Cong'er went through the mountainous area of ​​northwestern Hubei and managed to enter southern Shaanxi again."

"The rebels entered Baihe, Shaanxi from Fangxian, Zhushan and Zhuxi, and encountered the Qing vice governor Feng Shenbu. The rebels attacked the Qing army in two directions."

"When Wang Cong'er led his troops into the meadow, they were surrounded. The rebels attacked the Qing camp in five directions."

"In August, the rebels successively killed Qing generals and wiped out a large number of Qing soldiers, which shocked the Qing Dynasty." "After Wang Cong'er led his army to break through the siege, he entered Shaanxi via Zhushan in the second year of Jiaqing."

"The rebels fought with the Qing army in Sichuan and Shaanxi, looking for an opportunity to cross the Han River."

"Because the Qing army's defenses were very strict, several attempts to cross the river failed."

Sai Jinhua: The White Lotus Rebellion marked the decline of the Qing Dynasty, and the combat effectiveness of both the Eight Banners and the Green Camp declined.

The White Lotus Rebellion set off a nationwide wave of peasant struggle.

This uprising was purely a movement of peasants for food, and the masses involved were from complex classes.

Among them were many anti-feudal pioneers, as well as many people who misled the masses and sought personal gain.

Wang Cong'er served as the commander-in-chief of the uprising army and made important contributions to its rise and development.

Her personal experience and background are closely linked to the historical context of the uprising.

Wang Cong'er, the leader of the White Lotus Rebellion during the Qing Dynasty, was honored as the White Lotus Female General.

The White Lotus Rebellion was an anti-Qing uprising spontaneously launched by peasants and refugees.

The main reason for the uprising was that the people were suffering from hunger, misery and poverty.

Under the high pressure of the Qing Dynasty regime, people's living conditions became even more difficult.

At this time, the White Lotus Sect, a peasant religious organization founded in Nanling County, Shandong, came into being.

The White Lotus Society advocates eliminating the powerful and helping the poor in the world.

With the aim of raising farmers' awareness and self-protection, it has greatly met the farmers' needs for survival and defending their homes.

In this context, the peasants mainly followed the White Lotus Sect.

Fight actively, fight bloody battles, and resist against reactionary rule.

At this time, the White Lotus faith was combined with Shaolin martial arts.

It attracted a large number of followers and eventually formed an anti-Qing uprising army composed of peasants and refugees.

However, the rebel army also had many problems in some aspects, such as internal conflicts and strategic differences.

Although Wang Cong'er was quite famous in the White Lotus Rebellion, he did not have complete control of all military power, and there were differences and struggles between him and another White Lotus leader, Li Zicheng.

This internal conflict ultimately weakened the strength of the rebels and led to their failure.

The White Lotus Rebellion was once so prosperous, but once it was defeated, no major political force emerged within a hundred years.

The defeat of the White Lotus marked the end of the prelude to China's peasant revolution.

Although the White Lotus Sect ultimately failed, it also had a decisive impact in another way.

In short, the White Lotus Rebellion is an important event in history that cannot be ignored.

As the commander-in-chief of the uprising army, Wang Cong'er shouldered important historical responsibilities.

Her leadership style, political vision and organizational talent were the greatest highlights of the White Lotus Rebellion.

Wang Cong'er's experience is not only a major episode in history, but also the best interpretation of the people's fighting spirit.

In the early days, the Qing Dynasty had been suppressing culture, economy and politics infinitely, which caused great damage to the people.

The philosophical thoughts and cultural influences that Wang Cong'er received in her early years made her develop strong resistance to the rule of the Qing Dynasty.

She used her talents to establish a symbol of national spirit and protest thought, becoming a veritable anti-Qing figure.

She led the White Lotus Army to inspire people in the years of struggle. While spreading her anti-Qing stance and mass base, she also played a role in revolutionary propaganda against the feudal social order and conspiracy-based means.

Furthermore, Wang Cong'er's practical significance lies in her influence on today's society and culture.

Given that Wang Cong'er's thoughts and behaviors are unique and have had a profound impact on Chinese history and culture, his achievements and contributions are of practical significance.

"At the end of November, they had no choice but to enter Tongjiang, Sichuan, in an attempt to reunite with the Sichuan Volunteer Army, but ultimately failed due to the intense attacks of the Qing army."

"On the morning of the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, at the top of Wulang Temple Hill, the rebels and the Qing army fought fiercely."

"The two armies got mixed up, and after a fierce battle, the rebels advanced all the way to Dushan in the north."

"At the border of Sichuan and Shaanxi, the rebels split up and joined together, fighting and retreating, waiting for an opportunity to cross the Han River."

"Wang Cong'er took advantage of the situation and advanced to the northeast, crossing the Han River at Shiquan and pretending to attack Baocheng."

"Gao Junde's troops also got rid of the Qing army and met up with Wang Cong'er here."

"Jiaqing was furious and dismissed Mingliang from his post and sent him to the Ministry of Justice for trial."

"Later, because there was no one in the army, he was ordered to take the blame and seek merit."

"The Xiangyang uprising army crossed the Han River and arrived in Hanzhong, shocking the whole of Shaanxi."

"After the rebels crossed the Han River, Wang Cong'er and Gao Junde were stationed in Shanyang and Shangzhou respectively."

“We originally wanted to go to Henan, but were blocked and ended up in Lantian.”

"The Qing army blocked the way from Lantian again, and Gao Junde's troops turned back to Shanyang."

"Advance southward. Wang Cong'er's troops will turn to Shanyang and then head east."

"Li Quan's troops were defeated in the battle, and the Qing army was defending Xi'an very tightly."

"Wang Cong'er and others decided to move troops from Shanyang to Hubei, and led the rebel army to Lianhuachi in three groups, while the Qing army advanced in three groups."

"One part of the Qing army attacked from the main road, another part rushed to the left ridge, and another part took the right ridge, and launched a frantic attack."

"The rebels fired muskets and threw rocks."

"After a fierce battle, the rebels moved to the mouth of Jianhe River and split into two groups."

"One team will head towards Lianghekou, and the other team will head towards Manchuanguan."

"They were intercepted by Qing soldiers and turned back."

"We attacked Wang Cong'er from three sides, and the rebels turned to Gangou in the southwest."

"Wang Cong'er was ambushed by the local militia led by Yunxi County Magistrate Kong Jigan in Huaishugou and was forced to move along the Siyu River into the Sancha River."

"There are towering peaks on both sides, steep cliffs, and deep and narrow canyons."

"The Qing army took advantage of this dangerous terrain and surrounded the rebel army."

"The local militia cooperated with the Qing army to block the key pass and set up artillery at Sancha River."

"Wang Cong'er commanded the rebels to occupy the mountain ridges, rush to the gully mouths, and engage in a desperate battle with the Qing army."

"After a hard fight, the defense line was breached."

"Wang Cong'er was surrounded by the Qing army. She led more than ten female soldiers to jump off the cliff from the west side of Maoshan."

"When Wang Cong'er first fell, she was still breathing, but she could no longer answer."

"The Qing soldiers cut off Wang Cong'er's head and brought it back to Kyoto to report their achievement to Emperor Jiaqing."

"They also scraped their corpses and scattered them around, slaughtering nearly 10,000 rebels."

"When Wang Cong'er died, he was only 22 years old."

Yuan Shikai: As a hero and predecessor, Wang Cong'er had an important status and historical value in her time.

Wang Cong'er, who served as the commander-in-chief of the White Lotus Rebellion, demonstrated outstanding command ability and military talent during the rebellion.

Not only was she well versed in the direction of the war and proficient in military tactics, she was also good at leading residents to resist opposing forces.

During the White Lotus Rebellion, he made important contributions to the rise and development of the rebel army.

First of all, Wang Cong'er was born as a street performer.

But she had a high level of political acumen and was clearly aware of the corruption and crisis of the Qing Dynasty's rule.

In order to protect her homeland and the survival of her people, she had no choice but to join the White Lotus Sect.

After she joined the White Lotus Sect, she accurately grasped the emotional changes of the people.

Through active propaganda and organization, a large number of people were quickly gathered to form an extremely powerful armed force.

Secondly, Wang Cong'er not only had a certain level of education, but also focused on strengthening the political work and organizational capabilities of the rebel army.

The feudal superstition of the White Lotus Sect was transformed, soldiers were trained, and strong combat effectiveness was achieved.

She was also good at using her military talents to develop many feasible strategies and tactics, and played an important leadership role within the rebel army.

Under the command of Wang Cong'er, the strength of the rebel army was greatly enhanced.

Not only did she demonstrate her outstanding command abilities in the rebel army, but she also greatly enhanced the rebel army's combat effectiveness.

Her command style undoubtedly became a highlight in the peasant struggle at that time.

Wang Cong'er's military talent and command ability have also greatly inspired the thinking and inheritance of later generations.

In Chinese culture, there are many myths and legends about military talent and command ability, which Wang Cong'er also borrowed and used in the war.

In short, Wang Cong'er demonstrated outstanding command ability and military talent in the White Lotus Rebellion.

Her leadership style, political vision and organizational talent were the greatest highlights of the White Lotus Rebellion.

This fighting spirit has always run through the historical process of the Chinese people, and has also given rise to many myths and legends about fighting spirit, becoming an invaluable asset of Chinese culture.

Wang Cong'er takes Confucius as a role model, emphasizes the virtues of benevolence, and believes that these moral principles are equally applicable to individuals, families and the country.

This ideology deeply influenced her thoughts and behaviors, making her pay attention to justice, loyal to her beliefs, and willing to sacrifice herself to defend these beliefs.

Secondly, as a wanderer, Wang Cong'er witnessed the injustice of feudal society and the corruption of the Qing Dynasty since he was a child.

She accepted the idea of ​​criticizing the injustice of feudal society, which had a profound impact on her later joining the White Lotus Sect and serving as the commander-in-chief of the rebel army.

She believed that the feudal rule of the Qing Dynasty led to social disorder and rampant crime, becoming a major cancer of society, and therefore advocated resistance to the oppression and exploitation of the Qing Dynasty.

Third, under the influence of the White Lotus Sect, she accepted Christian culture and beliefs.

The White Lotus Sect was a religious movement with a relatively open culture, and its religious beliefs were filled with a spirit of progress and resistance.

This culture deeply attracted many people at that time, as well as educated scholars like Wang Cong'er.

She was deeply influenced by Christ and became one of the planners of the uprising.

They also spread the ideas and beliefs of the savior, hoping to save the people from dire straits through an uprising.

Fourth, she loved freedom and had strong democratic ideas about the White Lotus Rebellion.

She believes that people have the right to enjoy freedom and equality, and the value of sacrificing personal interests to safeguard citizens' rights is her belief.

In Wang Cong'er's life, this idea of ​​loving freedom has been fully reflected and practiced.

It motivated more people to participate in the uprising and had a huge social impact.

In summary, Wang Cong'er was deeply rooted in traditional culture and beliefs in the process of joining and commanding the White Lotus Rebellion.

At the same time, she also has her own unique personal thoughts and experiences, which made her a certain status in the society at that time.

She bravely threw herself into the anti-Qing uprising and created a huge political influence, making her thoughts, beliefs and behavior style a model for many Chinese people later. (End of this chapter)