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Liu Feng's courtesy name is unknown. He was a native of Luo County, Changsha County (now Xiangyin County, Yueyang City, Hunan Province). He was a general of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period and the adopted son of Liu Bei, the Emperor Zhaolie of Shu Han.

Liu Feng's original surname was Kou. When Liu Bei stationed his troops in Jingzhou, he adopted him as his son and changed his name to Liu Feng.

When Liu Bei attacked Yizhou, Liu Feng led his troops to follow Zhuge Liang and Zhang Fei up the Jiangxi River and made many military achievements. After Liu Bei occupied Yizhou, he appointed Liu Feng as the deputy general of the army.

Meng Da was rewarded for his contribution in welcoming Liu Bei to Sichuan and was appointed as the prefect of Yidu County.

In the 219th year of Jian'an ( AD), Liu Bei ordered Meng Da to attack Shangyong County of Wei State. Fearing that Meng Da could not handle the task alone, he sent Liu Feng to assist.

Liu Feng and Meng Da joined forces to attack Shangyong (now southwest of Zhushan County, Hubei Province). Shangyong prefect Shen Dan surrendered. Liu Feng was promoted to deputy general for his merits and stationed in Shangyong with Meng Da.

In October of the same year, Sun Quan sent Lu Meng to attack Guan Yu. Liu Feng and Meng Da refused to rescue Guan Yu, resulting in the destruction of his entire army.

Liu Bei was resentful of this, and Meng Da defected to Wei and wrote a letter to persuade Liu Feng to surrender, but Liu Feng refused. In July of the following year, the Wei army captured Shangyong.
After Liu Feng was defeated and returned to Chengdu, Zhuge Liang suggested to Liu Bei that he should be executed. Liu Bei then let Liu Feng commit suicide.

Zhuge Liang believed that Liu Feng was fierce and brave and difficult to control; Chen Shou, a historian of the Jin Dynasty, listed Liu Feng together with Peng Ying, Liao Li, Li Yan, Liu Yan, Wei Yan and Yang Yi in one biography, believing that they all did not have a good end and that the disasters they encountered were all their own fault.

Later generations, such as Ming Dynasty scholar Li Zhi and early Qing Dynasty scholar Mao Zonggang, believed that Liu Feng's failure to save Guan Yu was understandable and had no choice, but his refusal to surrender from Meng Da was worthy of recognition.

Liu Feng was Liu Bei's adopted son. His original surname was Kou. His ancestor was once granted the title of Luo Hou. He was from Luo County, Changsha County (now Xiangyin County, Yueyang City, Hunan Province).

In the sixth year of Jian'an (201 AD), Liu Bei was attacked by Cao Cao and went to Jingzhou to seek refuge with Liu Biao.

While Liu Bei was staying in Jingzhou, he adopted Liu Feng as his son because he had no son yet.

In the 212th year of Jian'an ( AD), Liu Bei led his army into Sichuan and stationed in Jiameng County (now in Zhaohua, Guangyuan, Sichuan), then turned around to attack Liu Zhang, the governor of Yizhou.

At this time, Liu Feng was in his twenties and had outstanding martial arts. In the 214th year of Jian'an ( AD), he led his troops to follow Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei and others up the river to the west, capturing cities along the way, and Liu Feng also made many military achievements.

In the summer of the same year, Liu Bei led his army to besiege Chengdu, and Liu Zhang surrendered. After Yizhou was pacified, Liu Bei appointed Liu Feng as the deputy general of the army to assist him in handling military affairs.

Before Liu Bei entered Sichuan, Liu Zhang sent a man from Fufeng County to serve as Fa Zheng's deputy. The two of them each led 2,000 soldiers to Jingzhou to welcome Liu Bei.

After Liu Bei entered Sichuan, he ordered Meng Da to lead Fa Zheng's troops to guard Jingzhou and station them in Jiangling County. After Yizhou was pacified, Meng Da was appointed as the governor of Yidu County by Liu Bei for his meritorious service in welcoming the enemy.

In the 219th year of Jian'an ( AD), Liu Bei ordered Meng Da to lead his troops from Zigui to the north to attack Fangling County (now Fang County, Hubei) controlled by Cao Wei and killed its prefect Kuai Qi.

Meng Da planned to take advantage of the victory to continue attacking Shangyong (now southwest of Zhushan County, Hubei Province). Liu Bei was worried that Meng Da could not shoulder this heavy responsibility alone, so he sent Liu Feng down the river from Hanzhong to lead Meng Da's army.

After Liu Feng and Meng Da joined forces, they attacked Shangyong County together. Shen Dan, the governor of Shangyong County of Cao Wei, surrendered with his people and sent his wife, children and clan members to Chengdu as hostages.

Liu Bei then promoted Shen Dan to General of the Northern Expedition, and allowed him to continue to serve as the governor of Shangyong County, and granted him the title of Marquis of Yuanxiang.

In addition, Liu Bei appointed Shen Dan's brother Shen Yi as General Jianxin and concurrently the governor of Xicheng County.
Liu Feng was also promoted to deputy general for his merits, and led troops to garrison in Shangyong City together with Meng Da.

In July of the 219th year of Jian'an ( AD), General Guan Yu ordered the Nanjun Prefect Mi Fang to garrison Jiangling and General Fu Shiren to garrison Gong'an, while he personally led a large army to attack Fancheng (now Fancheng District, Xiangyang City, Hubei Province) and attack Wei General Cao Ren.

Guan Yu defeated Cao Ren and took advantage of the victory to attack Xiangyang. Guan Yu was leading troops outside, leaving the rear empty. In October of the same year,
Sun Quan, the ruler of Wu, took the opportunity to send Lu Meng to lead an army to attack Jingzhou. Mi Fang and Fu Shiren surrendered to Sun Wu.

In November of the same year, Guan Yu learned that Jingzhou had been lost and had to retreat to Maicheng (now in Dangyang City, Hubei Province). He sent people several times to ask for urgent help from the troops of Liu Feng and Meng Da stationed in Shangyong.

After receiving Guan Yu's request for assistance, Liu Feng and Meng Da believed that they had occupied Shangyong County not long ago and the people in the territory had not yet completely surrendered, so the garrisoned troops could not leave easily to avoid causing chaos.

Liu Feng and Meng Da used this as an excuse to disobey Guan Yu's orders and refused to come to the rescue.

Guan Yu's entire army was wiped out, and he and his son Guan Ping were beheaded by the Sun Wu army in Zhangxiang (now northeast of Dangyang City, Hubei Province).

When Liu Bei learned that Liu Feng and Meng Da refused to rescue Guan Yu, he bore a grudge against them. At that time, Liu Feng and Meng Da were arguing with each other, and soon Liu Feng took away Meng Da's guard of honor.

Meng Da was worried that Liu Bei would hold him accountable for not helping Guan Yu, and he was also extremely dissatisfied with Liu Feng, so he submitted a letter of resignation to Liu Bei and led his men directly to surrender to Cao Wei.

After Meng Da surrendered to Cao Wei, he was appointed as Palace Attendant and General Jianwu by King Cao Pi of Wei, and was granted the title of Marquis of Pingyang and concurrently served as the Prefect of Xincheng County.

In July of the first year of Yankang (220 AD), Cao Pi sent General Xiahou Shang, General Xu Huang and Meng Da to attack Liu Feng who was stationed in Shangyong.

Meng Da wrote a letter to persuade Liu Feng to surrender, believing that Liu Feng was not Liu Bei's biological son, and only received the title of deputy general.

Liu Bei appointed Liu Chan as the crown prince, so Liu Feng would not be able to inherit the throne in the future. Liu Feng was stationed in Shangyong. Now that the Cao Wei army was heading there, if Liu Feng abandoned Shangyong and returned to Yizhou, he would be punished by Liu Bei.
It would be better for him to surrender to Cao Wei like himself, restore the surname Kou, accept the reward from Cao Wei, and restore the title of Luo Hou of his ancestor.

Although Meng Da spoke earnestly and advised Liu Feng to judge the situation, Liu Feng did not listen to his advice.

When the Cao Wei army was at the gates of the city, Shangyong County Governor Shen Yi betrayed Liu Feng and surrendered to Cao Wei. Shen Yi's brother, Xicheng County Governor Shen Dan, also surrendered to Cao Wei.

Cao Pi appointed Shen Yi as the prefect of Weixing County and granted him the title of Marquis of Yunxiang. He also appointed Shen Dan as the General of Huaiji and transferred him to Nanyang County.

Cao Wei's army captured Shangyong, and Liu Feng was defeated and had to return to Chengdu. After Liu Feng arrived in Chengdu, Liu Bei blamed him for bullying Meng Da and for not rescuing Guan Yu.

Zhuge Liang was concerned about Liu Feng's fierceness and bravery. If Liu Chan died, he would not be able to control Liu Feng. So Zhuge Liang took the opportunity to persuade Liu Bei to get rid of Liu Feng.

Liu Bei then ordered Liu Feng to be executed and asked him to commit suicide. Before Liu Feng committed suicide, he lamented that he deeply regretted not listening to Meng Da's advice.

Liu Bei was so sad that he shed tears after hearing his words. After Liu Feng died, his son Liu Lin moved to Hedong County (now Shanxi Province) in the first year of Emperor Yuan of Wei (264 AD).

Zhuge Liang, the Prime Minister of Shu Han, commented: Liu Feng is strong-willed and brave, and after the change of generations, it is difficult for anyone to control him.

Chen Shou, a historian of the Jin Dynasty, commented: Liu Feng was in a position that could easily arouse suspicion, and his considerations were not enough to protect himself. In the "Records of the Three Kingdoms", Chen Shou listed Liu Feng together with Peng Ying, Liao Li, Li Yan, Liu Yan, Wei Yan, and Yang Yi, believing that they were all important officials of Shu.

But they all did not have a good ending. Looking at their actions and the way they dealt with things, it can be said that they ultimately brought disaster upon themselves and acquired sins, all of which were caused by themselves.

Ming Dynasty scholar Li Zhi commented: Although Liu Feng did not send troops to rescue Guan Yu, his crime was the same as Mi Fang's. Both were forced to do so and were excusable.

However, people like Fu Shiren and Meng Da were traitors who defected to the enemy and their crimes were unforgivable.

Anyone who reads history should judge people based on the circumstances of the incident so as not to wrongly accuse anyone.

Mao Zonggang, a scholar in the early Qing Dynasty, commented: Liu Feng's refusal to surrender to Meng Da was different from Mi Fang's following Fu Shiren in surrendering to Sun Wu.

But since he was able to refuse to obey Meng Da in the end, why couldn't he refuse to obey Meng Da at the beginning?

Since he was able to kill Meng Da's envoy and not surrender to Cao Wei, why did he listen to Meng Da's instigation and not send troops to rescue Guan Yu?

It was difficult to send troops from Nanjun to rescue Fancheng. Mi Fang would surely die if he did not listen to Fu Shiren's advice to surrender. However, it was easy to send troops from Shangyongcheng to rescue Maicheng.

If Liu Feng had not listened to Meng Da's instigation, he would not necessarily have lost his life. Unfortunately, he realized it too late.

According to legend, during the Three Kingdoms period, Liu Bei captured Fancheng and defeated Cao Wei general Cao Ren. While celebrating his victory, he saw a handsome young man with an imposing manner standing next to Fancheng County Magistrate Liu Mi. When he asked his name, he found out that it was Liu Mi's nephew Kou Feng.

When the banquet started, the military cook accidentally dropped a piece of meat on the ground when serving the dishes. Kou Feng picked it up and put it into his mouth to eat.

This move attracted Liu Bei's admiration, and he adopted Kou Feng as his adopted son, changing his name to Liu Feng. Afterwards, Liu Bei asked Liu Feng, "Why did you see the meat falling to the ground, but did not remove the dust and sand, did not blame the servants, and just swallowed it casually? What is the meaning of this?"

Liu Feng replied: "As a general, I should always be compassionate to the people. A grain of rice or a piece of meat is hard to come by, so it is a pity to throw it away. Soldiers and cooks work hard all day long, so I should love them more than enough. If they make mistakes occasionally, how can I bear to scold them?"

Liu Feng's words of benevolence were recognized by Liu Bei. This matter was reported to the army kitchen, and everyone was very moved.

In order to repay Liu Feng's kindness in loving the people, the army kitchen specially prepared a kind of fried meat stuffed with sugar and gave it to Liu Feng as a commemoration of the event.

When cooking this dish, in addition to adding sugar, red bean paste is also added, which is called "sweet meat with sand" and has become one of the famous dishes of Xiangfan.

He was Liu Bei's adopted son and made great contributions to Liu Bei's capture of Yizhou.

However, because of Guan Yu's death and Meng Da's defection, Liu Bei was very disappointed in him, and he was also sentenced to death because of a word from Zhuge Liang.

Do you know who he is? He is Liu Bei's adopted son, General Liu Feng. Liu Feng was the son of Luo Hou Kou Shi. When Liu Bei lived in Jingzhou, he adopted Liu Feng as his adopted son because he had no children.

Liu Bei entered Sichuan from Jiameng Pass to fight against Liu Zhang. He encountered stubborn resistance from Zhang Ren and others in Luocheng and was unable to capture it after a long siege. He also lost Pang Tong, so he asked Zhuge Liang to lead Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun, and Liu Feng from Jingzhou to assist.

Liu Feng was a brave and invincible man. He led a small army alone and destroyed everything he went through. After Yizhou was pacified, Liu Feng was appointed General of the Central Army.

In 218, Cao Cao personally led his army to the south to fight with Liu Bei for Hanzhong. Liu Feng, as the vanguard, took the initiative to challenge Cao Cao's camp.
Defeated Cao's army. According to official history, it was not because Cao Cao withdrew his troops that Liu Feng almost faced Cao Zhang.

In 219, Liu Bei sent Liu Feng and Meng Da to capture Shangyong, Xicheng, and Fangling. Liu Feng fought hard to capture the three counties, while keeping an eye on the surrendered general Meng Da.

During the Battle of Fancheng, when Guan Yu was in a desperate situation in the siege, he asked Liu Feng and Meng Da for reinforcements to help him capture Xiangfan.

Meng Da advised Liu Feng not to send reinforcements, but Liu Feng listened to Meng Da and declined to send troops. This was one of the reasons for Guan Yu's defeat.

Upon learning of Guan Yu's defeat, Liu Feng took his anger out on Meng Da and seized his military power. Meng Da defected to Cao's camp and tried to persuade Liu Feng to surrender, but Liu Feng refused and killed the messenger, then led his troops out to dodge Xiahou Shang.

Meng Da was defeated in the battle and fled back to Chengdu. Meng Da surrendered and lost three counties. Liu Bei was very angry and the consequences were serious. He punished Liu Feng, but wanted to spare his life because of the father-son relationship.

At this time, Zhuge Liang bluntly said that Liu Feng was brave and fierce, and he was afraid that he would be difficult to control. In the end, for the sake of the future stability of his own son Liu Chan, Liu Bei ordered Liu Feng to be executed.

220 was the year with the greatest losses for Liu Bei's group: first, Guan Yu was defeated and captured in the Battle of Xiangfan, and the four counties of Jingzhou (the southern part of Nanjun, Lingling, Wuling, and Yidu) fell into the hands of Sun Quan.

Then Fa Zheng, Zhuge Liang's most trusted adviser and general Huang Zhong died of illness. Meng Da surrendered because he was afraid of Liu Bei's revenge. The three eastern counties that were finally captured also changed hands.

Liu Bei's sphere of influence was reduced to only the state of Yizhou, and finally his brave eldest son Liu Feng was executed by Liu Bei.

Liu Feng's original name was Kou Feng. Historical records state that "Liu Feng was the son of Luo Hou Kou and the nephew of Changsha Liu."

The Changsha Liu family here is likely the descendant of Liu Xing, the King of Changsha in the Eastern Han Dynasty (Liu Xing and Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu were both descendants of Liu Fa, the son of Emperor Jing of Han). Liu Bei adopted Liu Feng as his son while he was living in Jingzhou (definitely before Liu Chan was born in 207).

Liu Feng was a very powerful warrior but he still had to die. Liu Bei had two reasons for killing Liu Feng:

First, he bullied Meng Da in the three eastern counties, for example, he took away the drum that Liu Bei had awarded to Meng Da (this was a supreme honor);
The second reason was that he did not obey Guan Yu's order to send troops to rescue Guan Yu during the Battle of Xiangfan. In fact, neither of these two reasons was enough to sentence Liu Feng to death.

Take the fact that Liu Feng did not rescue Guan Yu for example. Liu Feng had his reasons for not sending troops: first, the three eastern counties had just annexed the country and the situation was not stable yet.
Moreover, Liu Feng did not have enough troops (Liu Feng had at most 10,000 men, and even if he sent troops, he would have to keep at least half of his troops to intimidate the local tyrants);

Secondly, the three eastern counties belonged to Yizhou, and Guan Yu's fake scepter seemed to have no influence on Liu Feng, so Liu Feng didn't have to obey Guan Yu's orders.

Judging from the battlefield situation at that time, Liu Feng should indeed send troops, but it is not justifiable for Liu Bei to use this as an excuse to force Liu Feng to death. As for taking away Meng Da's propaganda, it was indeed wrong, but it was not a capital crime.

Liu Feng's death was actually his fate. As long as he stayed in Shu Han, he would be dead. If he wanted to survive, he had no choice but to escape or betray.

Before Liu Chan was born in 207, Liu Bei had no heir, so he adopted Liu Feng as his son. In other words, Liu Feng was the eldest son of the heir.

He was qualified to inherit Liu Bei's legacy, but with the birth of Liu Bei's biological son Liu Chan, Liu Feng's position gradually became awkward. (End of this chapter)