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Yang Yi, courtesy name Weigong, was a native of Xiangyang County (the capital of which was in present-day Xiangyang District, Xiangfan City, Hubei Province). He was a minister of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period.

In his early years, Yang Yi was the chief clerk under the Jingzhou governor Fu Qun. Soon he defected to Guan Yu and was appointed as the Gongcao of the county government.

Guan Yu sent him to Yizhou to meet Liu Bei, who admired Yang Yi very much and appointed him as the military officer of the Left General's Office. Liu Bei was promoted to King of Hanzhong and promoted Yang Yi to the position of Shangshu.

In the third year of Jianxing of Shu Han (225 AD), Yang Yi was appointed by Zhuge Liang as a military officer in the Prime Minister's Office. He followed Zhuge Liang in the southern expedition to Nanzhong and later in the northern expedition to Cao Wei.

In the eighth year of Jianxing (230 AD) of Shu Han, Yang Yi was promoted to the position of Chief Clerk of the Prime Minister's Office and was granted the title of General of Sui Army. Yang Yi was very talented and was highly regarded by Zhuge Liang.

In the 234th year of Jianxing of Shu Han ( AD), Zhuge Liang died of illness in Wuzhangyuan. Yang Yi led the Northern Expedition army back to Hanzhong and killed Wei Yan.

Yang Yi thought that he should succeed Zhuge Liang in ruling the country due to his great contributions and hard work, but Zhuge Liang left a will that Jiang Wan should be in charge.

The later emperor Liu Shan appointed Jiang Wan as Shangshu Ling, in charge of state affairs; Yang Yi was appointed as Zhongjunshi, but was not reused, which made him deeply resentful.

Fei Yi went to visit Yang Yi, who complained to him, regretting that he had not led his army to surrender to Wei.

Fei Yi reported his words to the later emperor Liu Chan, and Yang Yi was convicted for his words, deposed as a commoner, and exiled to Hanjia County.

Soon after, Yang Yi wrote another letter to slander the court, was arrested and imprisoned, and then committed suicide.

People of his time and later generations did not think highly of Yang Yi. Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu Han, and Yang Xi, a minister, both believed that Yang Yi was narrow-minded and impatient, and could not be entrusted with important matters.
Sun Quan compared Yang Yi with Wei Yan, believing that both were not fit for important tasks and would cause chaos in the long run.

Later generations, such as the Jin Dynasty historian Chen Shou and the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty scholar Wang Fuzhi, all believed that Yang Yi had evil intentions and was eventually convicted for his words, which was his own fault.

Yang Yi, courtesy name Weigong, was a native of Xiangyang County (the seat of which was in present-day Xiangyang District, Xiangfan City, Hubei Province). During the Jian'an period of Emperor Xian of Han, Yang Yi served as the chief clerk under Fu Qun, the governor of Jingzhou. Later, Yang Yi left Fu Qun and went to join Guan Yu, who was the prefect of Xiangyang County.

Guan Yu hired Yang Yi as Gongcao of his county government and sent him as an envoy to Yizhou in the west to pay a visit to the first lord Liu Bei.

Liu Bei and Yang Yi discussed military and national affairs. Yang Yi offered suggestions and was able to analyze political gains and losses, which Liu Bei greatly admired. Therefore, he appointed Yang Yi as the military official of the Left General's Office.

In the 219th year of Jian'an ( AD) during the reign of Emperor Xian of Han, Liu Bei captured Hanzhong, was promoted to King of Hanzhong, and promoted Yang Yi to be the Secretary of State.

In April of the first year of the Zhangwu reign of the Shu Han Dynasty (221 AD), Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu. In July of the same year, Liu Bei personally led a large army to the east to attack Sun Wu.

Yang Yi was at odds with Shangshu Ling Liu Ba, and during that period he was demoted and served as the nominal governor of Hongnong County.

In the third year of Jianxing of Shu Han (225 AD), Yang Yi was appointed by Prime Minister Zhuge Liang as a military officer in the Prime Minister's Office, responsible for assisting in handling the military and political affairs of the Prime Minister's Office. He also followed Zhuge Liang in leading the army to the south to fight against the rebellion of the barbarians in the country.

After Zhuge Liang pacified Nanzhong, in the fifth year of Jianxing of Shu Han (227 AD), he led a large army north to cultivate land in Hanzhong in preparation for the Northern Expedition against Cao Wei. Yang Yi followed Zhuge Liang and was stationed in Hanzhong.

In the eighth year of Jianxing of Shu Han (230 AD), Yang Yi was promoted to the position of Chief Secretary of the Prime Minister's Office and was granted the title of General of Sui Army.

Prime Minister Zhuge Liang led the army to the north to attack Cao Wei several times. During this period, Yang Yi was mainly responsible for the planning and deployment of the northern expedition army.

When he was raising and calculating military rations, he did not need to spend too much time thinking about it, and he could complete such official duties quickly.

During the Northern Expedition, all military affairs were arranged by Yang Yi. At that time, Yang Yi and military advisor Wei Yan were at odds and the two hated each other.

Every time they met and sat together, they would quarrel. Wei Yan sometimes even drew his sword to threaten Yang Yi, and Yang Yi would cry out of grievance with tears streaming down his face.

Zhuge Liang deeply valued Yang Yi's talent and relied on Wei Yan's bravery. He often felt sorry for the discord between the two and could not bear to favor or abolish either of them.

In the 234th year of Jianxing of Shu Han ( AD), Yang Yi followed Zhuge Liang to attack Xiegu (now southwest of Mei County, Shaanxi Province), and the army was stationed at Wuzhangyuan (now in Qishan County, Baoji, Shaanxi Province), where they were in a stalemate with Wei general Sima Yi.

In August of the same year, Zhuge Liang died of illness in the army. At the beginning, Zhuge Liang had secretly ordered Yang Yi, Sima Feiyi, and the guard Jiang Wei to withdraw the army as soon as possible after his death, and let Wei Yan cover the rear;
If Wei Yan refused, Yang Yi and others would lead the army to retreat.
Yang Yi asked Fei Yi to find out Wei Yan's intention. Wei Yan was unwilling to leave the rear and planned to succeed Zhuge Liang and lead the army to continue the Northern Expedition.

After Yang Yi learned of Wei Yan's idea, he secretly led the army to retreat one by one; Wei Yan learned that Yang Yi led the army to retreat without informing him, and angrily led his troops to return south first and burned the plank road.

Yang Yi and Wei Yan submitted memorials to the later emperor Liu Chan, accusing each other of treason. Liu Chan asked the attendant Dong Yun and the chief secretary Jiang Wan, both of whom vouched for Yang Yi and suspected Wei Yan.

Wei Yan led his troops to Nangukou (now northwest of Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province) and turned to attack the army led by Yang Yi. Yang Yi led his troops to fight back and attacked Wei Yan.

Wei Yan was defeated and fled to Hanzhong. Yang Yi sent General Pingbei Ma Dai to lead his troops to pursue and kill Wei Yan. The army then returned to Chengdu.

Yang Yi thought that he had made great contributions and should succeed Zhuge Liang in running the government. He summoned the captain Zhao Zheng to use the Book of Changes to tell fortunes.
When trying to predict good or bad luck, Yang Yi got the "Family" hexagram, which was favorable to the female fortune teller, and he felt secretly uneasy.

Before his death, Zhuge Liang secretly submitted a memorial to the later emperor Liu Chan, stating that Yang Yi was impatient and narrow-minded. He valued Jiang Wan, the chief secretary of the Prime Minister's Office, more and recommended Jiang Wan to succeed him in government.

Therefore, Liu Shan promoted Jiang Wan to be Shang Shu Ling and concurrently the governor of Yizhou. When Yang Yi arrived in Chengdu, he was appointed as the Central Military Advisor, but he did not command any troops, which was equivalent to a sinecure.

At the beginning, Yang Yi was already the Shangshu during Liu Bei's time, and Jiang Wan was only the Shangshu Lang. Later, although Jiang Wan was promoted to the military officer and the chief secretary of the Prime Minister's Office;
However, Yang Yi always followed Zhuge Liang on his expeditions and undertook arduous and arduous tasks. Thinking that he had more experience than Jiang Wan,
Although Yang Yi was more talented than Jiang Wan, he showed strong resentment in his words and expression and often sighed secretly.

At that time, everyone was worried that Yang Yi spoke without restraint, so no one dared to visit him; only the military advisor Fei Yi often visited him to comfort him.

Yang Yi complained a lot to Fei Yi and said a lot of excessive things. He even told Fei Yi that when Prime Minister Zhuge Liang died,
If he had led the entire army to surrender to Cao Wei, he would not be in such a lonely and frustrated state like now. Now he regrets it too late. Fei Yi secretly reported all these inappropriate words of Yang Yi to the later emperor Liu Chan.

In the 235th year of Jianxing ( AD), Yang Yi was convicted for his words and the court issued an edict to demote him to a commoner and exiled him to Hanjia County.

When Yang Yi arrived at his place of exile, he wrote another letter to slander the court. The words in his letter were fierce and angry, so the court ordered the officials of Hanjia County to arrest Yang Yi and put him in prison.

Yang Yi committed suicide in prison. After his death, his wife and children returned to Shu County to live.

Sun Quan, the King of Wu, commented: Yang Yi and Wei Yan are just petty shepherds. Although they have occasionally made some contributions to current affairs,
However, since they have already been appointed, their official positions cannot be weakened. If Zhuge Liang is no longer around one day, the two of them will inevitably cause chaos.

Yang Xi, a minister of Shu Han at the same time, commented on Yang Yi in "Praise of the Assistant Ministers of the Later Han Dynasty": He was impatient and narrow-minded by nature, and often did things differently from others;
He can still reason when he is at ease, but he will turn his back on his relatives when he is pushed to the edge; Yang Yi left the right path and went into danger because he forgot the lessons of divination from the Book of Changes.

Chen Shou, a historian of the Jin Dynasty, commented: Yang Yi was highly valued because of his ability in handling official affairs and was appointed as an important official of Shu State. However, his method of doing things was not well understood.

As for the way he dealt with people, it can be said that Yang Yi brought disaster upon himself and was convicted for his words.

Wang Fuzhi, a scholar in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, commented: Yang Yi was a narrow-minded person. He once said that if he had led everyone to surrender to Cao Wei, he would not have been neglected and abandoned.

If this is the case, he would have to serve Sima Yi. Wouldn't he feel ashamed?

It is recorded in the biography of Wei Yan in "The Records of the Three Kingdoms" that before Zhuge Liang died, he secretly instructed Yang Yi, Fei Yi, Jiang Wei and others to lead the army to withdraw to Hanzhong after his death, with Wei Yan covering the rear and Jiang Wei second.

As a result, Wei Yan refused to obey and planned to lead the army to continue the Northern Expedition. Therefore, Yang Yi and others led everyone to retreat without notifying Wei Yan.

When Wei Yan learned about this, he was furious and led his troops to Nangukou (now northwest of Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province), where he and Yang Yi attacked each other. In the end, Wei Yan was defeated and killed.

However, according to the Wei Lue annotated by Pei Songzhi, when Zhuge Liang died, he left a will that Wei Yan would take over the command of the army, but he kept his death a secret and then retreated.

Yang Yi and Wei Yan had always been at odds. Seeing Wei Yan leading a large army, Yang Yi was worried about being harmed by Wei Yan. So he claimed that Wei Yan was going to lead the army north to surrender to Cao Wei, and led his troops to attack Wei Yan.

Wei Yan had no intention of surrendering to Cao Wei. He fled because he did not want to fight with Yang Yi. He was caught up and killed by Yang Yi's army.

Pei Songzhi believed that the records in "Wei Lue" were just rumors of the Wei State, and the records in "Three Kingdoms" were more credible. "Zizhi Tongjian" also accepted the records in "Three Kingdoms".

After Zhuge Liang's death, Yang Yi and Wei Yan quarreled over the issue of troop withdrawal. Wei Yan insulted Yang Yi, saying that he was just a civil servant and was not worthy of leading the army to retreat!

He was going to take over Zhuge Liang's army and fight Sima Yi to the death! The relationship between the two was not good to begin with, and after Zhuge Liang's death, Wei Yan looked down on Yang Yi even more.

When Liu Bei was alive, Wei Yan was the governor of Hanzhong. Later, he was promoted to the rank of military advisor and general of the Western Expedition, and was granted the privilege of "temporary authority" (able to act on behalf of the emperor).

Yang Yi was only the chief secretary of the Prime Minister's Office. In terms of seniority and official position, how could Yang Yi lead the army? Was it because he was Zhuge Liang's confidant? This was also the reason why Wei Yan was dissatisfied.

Therefore, Yang Yi wanted to command Wei Yan, which was impossible! Wei Yan was the only general in Shu Han who could independently command large-scale battles (there was no such talent after Zhuge Liang's death). The "Three Kingdoms" said that "Yan was good at raising soldiers and was extremely brave."

However, due to his arrogant personality, low political sensitivity, and poor relations with his colleagues, except for Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang, Jiang Wan, Fei Yi, Dong Yun and other important officials did not support him, and he was eventually convicted of "rebellion" and executed.
Zhuge Liang clearly arranged Jiang Wan and Fei Yi as his successors in his "The Memorial to the Emperor on Starting the Military Campaign", but Yang Yi believed that getting rid of Wei Yan was a great achievement!
Why did these two people step on his head? Yang Yi thought he was extremely capable and that the best candidate to succeed Zhuge Liang was only Yang Yi!
However, Liu Shan appointed Jiang Wan as Shangshu Ling (the actual person in power), and only gave Yang Yi the nominal title of "Central Military Advisor".

This made Yang Yi very angry, but Liu Chan also strictly followed the order of the "Departure to the Imperial Academy" and could only blame Zhuge Liang for not writing Yang Yi's name.

From then on, Yang Yi felt resentful, did not work seriously, and often lamented that God was unfair.

Perhaps Yang Yi lost his mind and became mentally ill because he failed to become the Shangshu Ling. He even complained in public, "If I had surrendered to Wei, how could I be in such a miserable state?"
Can you just say this sentence of beheading? When his career is not going well, he will openly rebel. This Yang Yi is also a weirdo.

As a result, Fei Yi reported Yang Yi's complaints to the court. Liu Chan was furious after hearing it. In the 235th year of Jianxing (), he demoted Yang Yi to a commoner and exiled him to Hanjia County (now Ya'an, Sichuan).

Unexpectedly, even after being exiled, Yang Yi was still restless and frequently wrote to the court with fierce words, even slandering the government. He was eventually arrested and imprisoned.
Yang Yi was in despair in prison. He not only failed to become the prime minister, but also became a prisoner. He committed suicide out of hatred.
Although Yang Yi killed Wei Yan, his own fate was also miserable. Although it was all Yang Yi's own fault, he did not see clearly what his own strength was.
You just want to become the Minister of the Chancellery in one step. If you are really that awesome, why didn’t Zhuge Liang write you first in his The Memorial to the Emperor on His Departure?
It was not that his ability was not as good as Jiang Wan and Fei Yi, but Wei Yan died at his hands, which was a great loss for Shu Han.
After Zhuge Liang's death, these civil officials could not do anything. They were good at internal fighting, but they were not capable of expanding the territory and reviving the Han Dynasty.

They killed Wei Yan, the only capable fighter, and falsely accused him of treason. It was really laughable. Wei Yan was so powerful, what good would it do if he surrendered to Cao Wei? Could he be made a general?

Yang Yi, who was not doing well in his career, made a rebellious speech. How could he be a good person? Kong Ming arranged for him to lead the army to retreat.

If Wei Yan had the heart to kill him with one blow, there might still be hope of capturing Chang'an!
Sima Yi may not be able to defeat him! The two sides fought a bloody battle, and it was still unknown who would win...

During the Three Kingdoms period, Yang Yi, a minister of Shu Han, died because of his constant mumbling.

In 234 AD, Zhuge Liang, the Prime Minister of Shu, died. Wei Yan disobeyed the Prime Minister's will and prepared to rebel. After Yang Yi killed Wei Yan according to Zhuge Liang's dying plan, he thought he had made great contributions and should take over the government from Zhuge Liang.

However, the shrewd Zhuge Liang had another secret instruction before his death. He believed that Yang Yi was narrow-minded and impatient, so he recommended Jiang Wan to succeed him as prime minister.

After Yang Yi returned to Chengdu, he served as the Chief Military Advisor, but he was not in charge of any specific work and it was just a sinecure.

When Yang Yi saw that Jiang Wan, who had far less experience than himself, was ranked above him and became his boss, he was so excited that a million horses were galloping in his heart.

Then his complaints and resentment were revealed in his voice and expression, and his sighs and angry voices came from the bottom of his heart. People were afraid that he would speak without restraint, so they dared not associate with him and kept their distance from him. (End of this chapter)