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Ma Liang, courtesy name Jichang, was a native of Yicheng, Xiangyang (now Yicheng, Hubei). He was an official of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period and the elder brother of Ma Su.

The five brothers Ma Liang were all talented, among whom Ma Liang was the most capable and was praised by his contemporaries.

In the 209th year of Jian'an ( AD) during the reign of Emperor Xian of Han, Liu Bei captured Jingzhou, made himself the governor of Jingzhou, and hired Ma Liang as his assistant.

In the 211th year of Jian'an ( AD) during the reign of Emperor Xian of Han, Liu Zhang, the governor of Yizhou, invited Liu Bei to lead his troops into Yizhou to attack Zhang Lu in Hanzhong.

The following year, Liu Bei attacked Liu Zhang. Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and others entered Sichuan one after another, and Ma Liang stayed in Jingzhou to assist Guan Yu.

Liu Bei captured Yizhou and appointed Ma Liang as a staff member of the Left General's Office. Soon after, Ma Liang was ordered to go on a diplomatic mission to the Eastern Wu, where he was received with courtesy by Sun Quan, the ruler of Wu.

In April of the first year of the Zhangwu reign of the Shu Han Dynasty (221 AD), Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor and appointed Ma Liang as his attendant.

The following year, Liu Bei conquered Sun Wu and launched the Battle of Yiling, and Ma Liang followed the army.

In June of the same year, Wu general Lu Xun defeated Liu Bei's army, and Ma Liang died in the chaos at the age of 36.

There was a saying among people at that time that "Among the five constants of the Ma family, the white-browed one is the best", and Ma Liang also boasted that "he is a man of honor, the leader of Jingchu";
Yang Xizai, an official of Shu Han, commented that Ma Liang had outstanding talents and a simple temperament; Chen Shou, a historian of the Jin Dynasty, commented that "Ma Liang was loyal and honest, and was known as a good minister", and he could be regarded as a good minister of Shu.

There is a "Civil Officials Gallery" in the Wuhou Temple in Chengdu, where a statue of Ma Liang is erected to commemorate him.

Ma Liang was from Yicheng County, Xiangyang County (now Yicheng, Hubei). He had five brothers and Ma Liang was the fourth.

The five brothers were all known for their outstanding talents, and the people in their hometown even made up a proverb: "Of the five brothers of the Ma family, the white-browed one is the best."

Ma Liang was the man with white hair in his eyebrows, so people called him "White Eyebrows"; among the five brothers, Ma Liang was the most talented.

In the 209th year of Jian'an ( AD) during the reign of Emperor Xian of Han, Liu Qi died of illness. Liu Bei became the governor of Jingzhou and hired Ma Liang as his assistant.

In the 211th year of Jian'an ( AD) during the reign of Emperor Xian of Han, Liu Bei led his army into Yizhou at the invitation of Liu Zhang, the governor of Yizhou, while Ma Liang, Zhuge Liang and others stayed in Jingzhou.

The following year, Liu Bei was stationed in Jiameng County (now in Zhaohua, Guangyuan, Sichuan) and suddenly led his troops to attack Liu Zhang.

Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and others who had stayed in Jingzhou also led their troops up the river in the 214th year of Jian'an ( AD) during the reign of Emperor Xian of Han to assist Liu Bei in capturing Yizhou.

After Zhuge Liang and others left, Ma Liang stayed and assisted Guan Yu in guarding Jingzhou.

In the summer of the same year, Liu Bei captured Luo City and joined forces with Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei and others to besiege Chengdu.

Ma Liang was friendly with Zhuge Liang, and because Zhuge Liang was slightly older, he called him brother. Upon learning that Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang were about to capture Yizhou, Ma Liang was very happy and wrote a letter to Zhuge Liang, praising his strategy and ability to see through the current situation.

In June of the same year, Liu Zhang surrendered the city, and Liu Bei occupied Yizhou and took himself as the governor of Yizhou.

After capturing Yizhou, Liu Bei rewarded his soldiers and promoted his subordinates. Ma Liang was appointed as the staff member of the Left General's Office. He left Jingzhou and went to Yizhou to assist in handling the affairs of Shu.

In the 215th year of Jian'an ( AD), Sun Quan learned that Liu Bei had occupied Yizhou and sent envoys to take back Jingzhou.

Liu Bei used the excuse that he would return Jingzhou to Sun Wu only after he had seized Hanzhong. Sun Quan was furious and sent Lü Meng to attack and seize Changsha, Lingling, and Guiyang counties.

Liu Bei led an army of 50,000 down the river to Gong'an, and sent Guan Yu to lead troops into Yiyang to prepare for war with Sun Wu.

This year, Cao Cao captured Hanzhong. When Liu Bei heard about it, he sent Ma Liang as an envoy to Sun Wu, hoping to re-establish an alliance with Sun Quan.

After accepting the mission to the Eastern Wu, Ma Liang told Zhuge Liang that he had accepted the important trust of his lord Liu Bei to go to the Eastern Wu to persuade the two families to form an alliance, and hoped that Zhuge Liang could help him write a personal letter of introduction to Sun Quan, the lord of Wu.

Zhuge Liang asked Ma Liang to draft a document himself. In the document, Ma Liang imitated Zhuge Liang's tone, expressed to Sun Quan the intention of the two families to form an alliance, and praised himself.

Sure enough, after Ma Liang arrived in Eastern Wu, Sun Quan treated him with great respect and favor, and Ma Liang successfully completed his mission.

In the 219th year of Jian'an ( AD), Sun Quan sent Lu Meng to attack and kill Guan Yu and capture Jingzhou.

In April of the first year of Zhangwu (221 AD), Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu and appointed Ma Liang as his minister.

In February of the following year, Liu Bei personally led a large army to the east to attack Sun Wu and arrived at Yiling (now Yiling District, Yichang City, Hubei Province). Ma Liang followed the army and helped Liu Bei with advice.

In order to instigate the barbarian tribes in Wuling County to assist in the expedition against Eastern Wu, Liu Bei sent Ma Liang with a large amount of gold and silver to bribe the local barbarian tribal leaders and grant them official titles.

Sun Quan appointed Lu Xun as the Grand Commander and led his army to stop Liu Bei. The two armies were deadlocked in Yiling (now Yichang City, Hubei Province) and no one was determined until June.

The weather was hot at the time, so Liu Bei ordered his army to move its camp to the shade of the woods. Lu Xun used fire attack and launched a surprise attack, killing Shu generals Zhang Nan and Feng Xi as well as the barbarian leader Shamoke. Liu Bei's army was defeated and tens of thousands of people died.

After the defeat in Yiling, Liu Bei led the remaining troops to retreat to Yong'an (now Fengjie County, Chongqing). Later, he learned that Ma Liang had died in battle in Wuxi (now Huaihua City, Hunan Province).

Ma Liang died at the age of 36. Liu Bei was deeply saddened and appointed Ma Liang's son Ma Bing as the Cavalry Commandant.

People in Ma Liang's hometown have a proverb "Of the five Ma family members, the white-browed one is the best" to praise his ability; he himself once praised himself in a letter of recommendation to Sun Quan:

He was a man of outstanding talent and a prominent figure in the Jingzhou area. Although he lacked the eloquence to adapt to changing circumstances, he was able to complete the tasks assigned by the monarch well.

Yang Xi, an official of the Shu Han Dynasty, commented in "Praise of the Assistant Ministers of the Later Han Dynasty": Ma Liang has outstanding talents and a simple temperament, and is a person who is good at handling government affairs.

Chen Shou, a historian of the Jin Dynasty, commented that "Ma Liang was loyal and honest, and was known as a worthy scholar." His intention was to praise Ma Liang's loyal and honest character, and he was known as an outstanding figure at that time.

In the "Records of the Three Kingdoms", Chen Shou listed Ma Liang together with Dong He, Liu Ba, Chen Zhen, Dong Yun and Lu Yi, praising them as good ministers of Shu.

During the Three Kingdoms period, heroes emerged in large numbers, each showing outstanding talents in different fields.

Among them, Ma Liang of Shu Han became an indispensable part of that era with his outstanding political talent and strategic wisdom.

Ma Liang, courtesy name Jichang, was a native of Yicheng, Xiangyang. He served in many positions, including General, Marquis of Dangyang, etc. He was an important politician and strategist in the Shu Han regime. Ma Liang was known for his foresight and extraordinary wisdom in the history of the Three Kingdoms.

He had an outstanding political mind, was able to clearly understand the situation, and provided many ingenious strategies for the Shu Han regime.

Ma Liang was proficient in military tactics and good at strategizing, and made great contributions to the victory of the Shu Han army.

In addition, he also actively participated in diplomatic activities and strengthened the ties and cooperation between Shu Han and other countries.

Ma Liang's political talent and military strategy were fully demonstrated in many battles.

During the Battle of Chibi, Ma Liang assisted Zhuge Liang in planning the strategy of uniting with Wu to fight against Cao, and successfully broke the blockade of Cao's army.

In the battle for Jingzhou, Ma Liang used clever strategies to divide the enemy forces, allowing the Shu Han army to successfully win the victory.

This series of victories not only demonstrated Ma Liang's wisdom and courage, but also consolidated the status of the Shu Han regime at that time.

In addition to his outstanding performance in politics and military affairs, Ma Liang also actively paid attention to people's livelihood and participated in the formulation of many policies that benefited the people.

He was well aware of the truth that "people are the foundation of the country, and the country will be peaceful if the foundation is solid." He advocated putting people first and implementing a series of measures beneficial to people's livelihood.

These measures effectively improved people's living conditions, won the hearts of the people, and further consolidated the stability of the Shu Han regime.

Although Ma Liang had outstanding achievements in politics and military affairs, his fate was full of tragedy.

In the Battle of Yiling, Ma Liang followed Liu Bei to personally lead an expedition against the Eastern Wu, but the entire army was ultimately wiped out and Ma Liang died heroically.

His death brought great losses to the Shu Han regime and made people feel deeply saddened.

In general, as an outstanding politician and strategist of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period, Ma Liang's wisdom, courage and people-friendly policies are praised by people.

His life was full of wisdom and bravery, but fate gave it a tragic color.

Ma Liang's deeds will be forever engraved in the long river of history, inspiring people to pursue progress and be brave in innovation.

By studying Ma Liang's life, we can have a deeper understanding of the cruelty of war and the importance of wisdom during the Three Kingdoms period, and we can also feel the greatness and tragedy of the heroes of that era.

His story still has profound significance for people today. It sets an example for us, inspiring us to have wisdom and courage when facing difficulties, and to always uphold the concepts of justice and progress.

During the Three Kingdoms period, there was a strategist in the Shu Han camp. He was an excellent diplomat and had a very close relationship with Zhuge Liang. He was the strategist Ma Liang.

Ma Liang was a native of Jingzhou. After Liu Bei entered Jingzhou, he heard of Ma Liang's extraordinary strategy and due to some objective factors, he recruited Ma Liang, who was only in his early twenties at the time, to serve as an official. From then on, Ma Liang began his journey as a counselor.

Ma Liang's courtesy name was Jichang. He had five brothers in his family, and none of them were mediocre. Ma Liang was the fourth.

The five brothers of the Ma family all have the character "Chang" in their names. In ancient times, brothers were arranged in order from oldest to youngest: "Bo, Zhong, Shu, Ji", so Ma Liang's name was "Ji Chang".
He had a younger brother named Ma Su (Ma Youchang), who fought in the famous Battle of Jieting in history.

Everyone knows that during the Three Kingdoms period, many people were born with different characteristics. For example, Cao Cao's son Cao Zhang was called "Yellow Beard" by Cao Cao.
Ma Liang also had something special. There was white hair in his eyebrows, which made him look extremely extraordinary. So he was given the nickname "White-browed Ma Liang". Later, there was a saying that "Among the five constants of the Ma family, the one with white eyebrows is the best."

Ma Liang was indeed extraordinary. After joining the Shu Han camp, he made great contributions to the Shu Han group.
The two most famous ones were mending the rift in the Sun-Liu alliance through diplomatic means over the ownership of Jingzhou and subduing the Wuxi barbarians for Liu Bei before the Battle of Yiling.

Ma Liang is Zhuge Liang's little fan, and the person who best understands Zhuge Liang's desire to maintain the Sun-Liu alliance.

After Liu Bei led Zhuge Liang to Sichuan, Ma Liang stayed behind to guard the Jingzhou base. After Liu Bei and his men captured Luocheng,

Ma Liang, who stayed behind, was overjoyed and immediately wrote a letter to his "respected brother" Zhuge Liang, saying that now that Luocheng had been taken, we would have a base in Shu.
This is the time to manage and operate well. It is your chance to shine. Although I am not talented, I want to help you share your worries.

Later, Liu Bei transferred him to Luocheng Construction and conferred him the title of "Left General".

After Liu Bei acquired Yizhou, Sun Quan thought that Liu Bei already had his own territory and wanted to return Jingzhou to him.
But Liu Bei didn't want to return it at this time, so after discussion, he decided to send a diplomat to Soochow to explain the pros and cons.
This job was finally accepted by Ma Liang. Before leaving, Ma Liang found Zhuge Liang and hoped that Zhuge Liang could write a letter for him.

When the time comes to go on a diplomatic mission, it will be easier to get things done with this letter. Zhuge Liang thought it made sense and asked Ma Liang to draft it himself.
Finally, when he took the letter to Sun Quan, he was very polite to him and the problems between the two sides were alleviated as much as possible.

Later, Guan Yu was defeated and fled to Maicheng, where he was killed by Lu Su and others from the Eastern Wu. Liu Bei ascended the throne and became emperor. The next year, he wanted to mobilize the whole country to attack Wu.

During this period, Ma Liang, who was promoted to "Shizhong", was sent to pacify the Wuxi barbarians in the Wuling area. These ethnic minorities had always been undisciplined.

But after Ma Liang arrived there, he somehow managed to make the Wuxi barbarians surrender, providing a strong supply of troops for the Battle of Yiling launched by Shu Han.

But in the end, Shu Han was defeated in the Battle of Yiling, and Ma Liang was killed in the chaos, which is a pity.

Ma Liang was born in 187 AD. Because he had a tuft of white hair in his eyebrow, he was called "White-eyebrowed Ma Liang". He was the best of the five brothers.

In 209 AD, Liu Bei was appointed governor of Jingzhou. He recruited Ma Liang, who was just in his early 20s, as a provincial official.
The equivalent of his "senior secretary" is also similar to today's governor's assistant. Later, Liu Bei appointed Ma Liang as the left general's official.

Ma Liang and Zhuge Liang also had a close relationship. Ma Liang once wrote to Zhuge Liang, saying: Luo City has been captured, my brother should make great plans and advance on the victory.

He dared to call his "immediate boss" "brother", which shows that their relationship was very special. Either he and Zhuge Liang were sworn brothers, or they were relatives.

When Ma Liang was ordered to go on a diplomatic mission to the Eastern Wu, Zhuge Liang asked him to draft a letter of recommendation, and then Zhuge Liang formally signed it. Ma Liang was received respectfully by Sun Quan on this trip.

Ma Liang and Guan Yu were also very close. When Guan Yu attacked Wei, he used Ma Liang as his advisor. After Guan Yu was shot in the arm by a poisoned arrow, the famous doctor Hua Tuo scraped his bones while Ma Liang played chess with him. Later, when Jingzhou fell, Ma Liang was entrusted by Guan Yu to rush to Chengdu overnight for help...

In 221 AD, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor and established the Shu Han regime. He appointed Ma Liang as Shizhong, a third-rank official position with the same power and treatment as the Zhongshu Ling.

In July, Liu Bei launched the "Battle of Yiling", also known as the "Battle of Yiling", against Eastern Wu in order to avenge the killing of Guan Yu by Eastern Wu.

At the same time, because Ma Liang was familiar with the four southern counties of Jingzhou, namely Wuling County, Changsha County, Guiyang County, and Lingling County, he was specially sent to recruit and appease the ethnic minorities in the Wuxi River Basin. (End of this chapter)