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Sun Liang, courtesy name Ziming, also known as Emperor Shao of Wu or Emperor Fei of Wu, was the second emperor of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. He ascended the throne in 252 AD and was deposed in 258 AD, reigning for 6 years.

Sun Liang was born in the sixth year of the Chiwu era. He was Sun Quan's youngest son.

In the thirteenth year of Chiwu (250 AD), Sun Quan deposed the original crown prince Sun He and installed the young Sun Liang as the crown prince.

In the first year of Feng (252 AD), Sun Quan died, and Sun Liang, who was only ten years old, succeeded him as emperor and changed the era name to Jianxing.

Because Sun Liang was young, the regent Zhuge Ke held the reins of power.

In October of the second year of Jianxing (253 AD), Zhuge Ke's Northern Expedition failed. Sun Liang listened to Sun Jun's advice, executed Zhuge Ke, and appointed Sun Jun as prime minister.

After that, Sun Jun seized control of the government and became a dictator.

In the third year of the Wufeng era (256 AD), Sun Jun passed away. Following Sun Jun's dying wish, Sun Liang appointed Sun Jun's cousin, Sun Chen, to take charge of the government.

In the second year of the Taiping era (257 AD), the fifteen-year-old Sun Liang assumed personal rule. Dissatisfied with Sun Chen's arbitrary monopolization of power, he conspired with Grand Master of Ceremonies Quan Shang and General Liu Cheng the following year to assassinate Sun Chen, but the plot failed.

In September of the third year of the Taiping era (258 AD), Sun Liang was deposed by Sun Chen and sent to the land of Kuaiji.

Sun Liang was demoted to the rank of Marquis of Houguan, and died mysteriously on his way to his fiefdom at the young age of eighteen.

Historically, historians such as Chen Shou of the Western Jin Dynasty, Lu Ji of the Western Jin Dynasty, and Fang Xuanling of the Tang Dynasty all believed that Sun Liang's failure to ascend the throne due to his young age and lack of virtuous and capable rulers to assist him ultimately led to his loss of the throne.

In the sixth year of the Chiwu era, Sun Liang was born in the Jianye Imperial Palace of Eastern Wu. He was the seventh son of Sun Quan, the founding emperor of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period, and also Sun Quan's youngest son.

Because Sun Liang was still very young when Sun Quan was old, he was especially favored and valued by Sun Quan.

Princess Quan, Sun Liang's elder sister, had plotted to frame Crown Prince Sun He and his mother, Lady Wang. Feeling uneasy about this, she wanted to win Sun Quan's favor by getting closer to Sun Liang.

Therefore, in accordance with Sun Quan's wishes, Princess Quan repeatedly praised Quan Shang's daughter, Quan Shi, and strongly urged and arranged for Sun Liang to marry Quan Shi.

In the thirteenth year of Chiwu, Crown Prince Sun He was deposed, and Sun Quan appointed Sun Liang as the new Crown Prince. With the help of Princess Quan, Sun Quan married Quan Shang's daughter, Quan Shi, as the Crown Princess.

In the fourteenth year of Chiwu (251 AD), Sun Liang's mother, Lady Pan, was made empress. In November of the same year, Sun Quan fell seriously ill. He was worried that Sun Liang was too young and weak to exercise the power of the emperor, so he began to arrange a group of regents and ministers for the crown prince Sun Liang.

Sun Quan appointed General Zhuge Ke as Grand Tutor to the Crown Prince, Governor of Kuaiji Teng Yin as Grand Master of Ceremonies, and Grand Secretary Sun Hong as Junior Tutor. At the same time, he summoned General Lü Ju and Attendant-in-Ordinary Sun Jun to entrust the young prince to his successors.

In April of the first year of Shenfeng (252 AD), Sun Quan died, and his ten-year-old son Sun Liang succeeded him. He granted a general amnesty and changed the era name to Jianxing.

In May of the first year of Jianxing (252 AD), Sun Liang, who had just ascended the throne, conferred titles upon his officials and appointed Zhuge Ke as the Emperor's Grand Tutor, giving him supreme military and political power.

Teng Yin was appointed General of the Guards and concurrently put in charge of the affairs of the Ministry of Personnel; General Lü Dai was appointed Grand Marshal.

In addition, other officials in the court, including those who were not currently employed, were also rewarded by Sun Liang and promoted.

Although Zhuge Ke held supreme power as the chief regent at this time, many people within the regent group still wanted to challenge his authority.

Among them, Sun Hong, who represented the power of the imperial clan, was worried that he would be controlled by Zhuge Ke, so he suppressed the news of Sun Quan's death the day after Sun Quan's death.
He attempted to eliminate Zhuge Ke by forging an imperial edict, but Zhuge Ke was only able to eliminate Sun Hong with the help of Sun Jun.

Therefore, after taking power, Zhuge Ke was eager to enhance his prestige and consolidate his position by launching a northern expedition.

In October of the same year, the Wu army, under the leadership of Grand Tutor Zhuge Ke, guarded Chaohu Lake, built Dongxing City, and sent General Quan Duan to guard the west city of Dongxing and Commandant Liu Lue to guard the east city of Dongxing.

In December of the same year, the Wei army launched a major offensive against the Wu Kingdom. Among them, Zhuge Dan and Hu Zun, along with other Wei generals, led 70,000 infantry and cavalry to attack Dongxing City; Wang Chang attacked Nanjun.
Wuqiu Jian led troops to Wuchang. Grand Tutor Zhuge Ke led the Wu army to fight against the Wei army at Dongxing, achieving a great victory and killing Wei generals such as Han Zong and Huan Jia.

In the first month of the second year of Jianxing (253 AD), Sun Liang officially made Quan, the former Crown Princess, his empress, thus gaining great fame throughout the land. In the second month of the same year, he generously rewarded the soldiers who had won a great victory over the Wei army in the Battle of Dongxing.

In March of the same year, Grand Tutor Zhuge Ke led an army to attack the State of Wei and launched an attack on Xincheng in April. However, a sudden plague caused the Wu army to suffer heavy casualties, and Zhuge Ke had no choice but to withdraw his troops and return to the capital in August.

In October of the same year, Sun Liang adopted the suggestion of General Sun Jun and, taking advantage of the opportunity of worshipping at the ancestral temple, set up an ambush in the banquet hall to kill Zhuge Ke.

After Zhuge Ke's death, Sun Liang granted a general amnesty and appointed Sun Jun as prime minister, bestowing upon him the title of Marquis of Fuchun. From then on, Sun Jun held absolute power.

In November of the same year, five large birds appeared in Chunshen. The people of Wu mistakenly thought they were five phoenixes, so Sun Liang changed the era name to Wufeng first year the following year.

Sun Jun held the position of prime minister, wielding great power and controlling the court. During his reign, the people were filled with resentment. At the same time, Sun Jun also raped palace maids and even had an affair with Princess Quan.

Sun Jun's monopolization of power worried the noble ministers in the court. In the autumn of the first year of Wufeng, Wu Hou Sun Ying attempted to assassinate Sun Jun, but committed suicide after the plot was exposed.

In the first month of the second year of the Wufeng era, Wuqiu Jian, the General Who Guards the East of Wei, and Wen Qin, the former General, led the army of Huainan to rebel against Wei and attack Sima Shi. The two armies fought at Lejia City, and the Huainan army was defeated and withdrew.

Wu's Chancellor Sun Jun, along with General of Chariots and Cavalry Lü Ju and General of the Left Liu Zan, led their troops to Huainan, originally intending to attack Wei's Shouchun. However, they learned en route that the Huainan rebels had been defeated and had retreated.

So they turned their attention to attacking Tuogao in Wei, and then Wen Qin, a traitorous general of Wei, led tens of thousands of people from the Huainan region to surrender to Wu.

In February of the same year, after Sun Jun led his troops back to the capital, the Wu army encountered and fought the Wei army at Gaoting, and the Wei army was defeated and retreated.

However, at the same time, Liu Zan was defeated by the Wei army led by Jiang Ban, a general under Zhuge Dan, at Gubei, and Wu generals such as Liu Zan, Sun Leng, and Jiang Xiu were killed.

In March of the same year, the Eastern Wu court sent General Zhu Yi to attack Anfeng County of Wei, but failed to capture it.

In the seventh month of the same autumn, Wu generals Sun Yi, Zhang Yi, and Lin Xun attempted to launch a coup and kill Sun Jun during a meeting with envoys from Shu Han. However, they failed, and Princess Zhu was implicated and executed as a result.

In February of the following year, Sun Jun adopted the plan of General Wen Qin to launch a northern expedition against the Wei Kingdom. However, this plan came to an end with Sun Jun's death in September.

In September of the third year of the Wufeng era, after Sun Jun's death, his cousin Sun Chen succeeded him and was appointed as Attendant-in-Ordinary and General of the Imperial Guard, in charge of military power both inside and outside the court. General Lü Ju was very dissatisfied with this.

Wen Qin, Lü Ju, and others submitted a memorial recommending General Teng Yin to serve as chancellor, but Sun Chen refused. At that time, Grand Marshal Lü Dai had just passed away, so Sun Chen took it upon himself to appoint Teng Yin as Grand Marshal to replace Lü Dai in guarding Wuchang.

Lu Ju could no longer tolerate Sun Chen's monopolization of power, so he led his army back to the capital, preparing to join forces with Teng Yin to attack and depose Sun Chen.

In response, Sun Chen used an imperial edict from Emperor Sun Liang to force Wen Qin and Tang Zi, among other generals, to arrest Lü Ju. In the end, Lü Ju was captured, and Teng Yin's entire clan was exterminated.

In November of the same year, Sun Liang appointed Sun Chen as Grand General and bestowed upon him the title of Marquis of Yongning. Sun Chen completely controlled the court and changed Sun Liang's reign title to the first year of Taiping. In April of the second year of Taiping (257 AD), the fifteen-year-old Sun Liang began to personally manage state affairs in the main hall, gaining great influence throughout the land.

After assuming power, Sun Liang was very dissatisfied with Sun Chen's actions and constantly challenged and questioned him. At the same time, he began to investigate and pursue the cause of Princess Zhu's death.

In addition, Sun Liang recruited more than 3,000 young men from military families aged 15 to 18 to form an army, which he drilled daily in the inner palace gardens. Sun Liang stated that his purpose in forming this army was to grow alongside them.

In May of the same year, Zhuge Dan, a Wei general who was stationed in Shouchun City with the Huainan army, was dissatisfied with the Sima family's usurpation of power and decided to rebel against Wei and defect to Wu. Sima Zhao personally led a large army to attack Zhuge Dan.

Faced with Sima Zhao's campaign against Zhuge Dan, Sun Liang ordered Wen Qin, Tang Zi, Quan Duan, and other Wu generals to lead 30,000 infantry and cavalry into Shouchun to rescue Zhuge Dan. Subsequently, the city of Shouchun was besieged by the Wei army.

In July of the same year, Sun Chen led his army to relieve Shouchun, but his two attacks from the outside were repelled by the Wei army. At the same time, the Wu army inside the city also failed to break out of the city several times.

In September of the same year, Sun Chen returned to Jianye, the capital of Wu, after his unsuccessful attack from the outside.

In December of the same year, Wu generals such as Quan Duan and Quan Yi surrendered to Sima Zhao after leaving the city. In addition, the food supplies in the city were gradually running out, which caused panic among the soldiers defending Shouchun.

In March of the third year of the Taiping era (258 AD), Sima Zhao captured Shouchun City. Zhuge Dan was killed on his way to escape, and the Wu soldiers sent by Sun Liang to reinforce the city either died or surrendered.

In July of the same year, Sun Liang enfeoffed Sun Fen, the former King of Qi, as the Marquis of Zhang'an, and issued an edict ordering all prefectures and counties to cut down trees to prepare timber for the construction of palaces.

After assuming personal rule, Sun Liang harbored resentment towards Sun Chen. While investigating the circumstances surrounding the murder of Princess Zhu Luyu by Sun Jun, Sun Liang reprimanded Zhu Xiong, the governor of Hulin, and Zhu Xiong's younger brother, Zhu Sun, the external governor.

Believing that the two men were incapable of correcting Sun Jun's ways, Sun Liang ordered Ding Feng to execute Zhu Xiong and Zhu Sun. Sun Chen went to the palace to advise Sun Liang against this, but Sun Liang completely ignored his advice.

In September of the third year of the Taiping era (258 AD), Sun Liang, dissatisfied with Sun Chen's monopolization of power, conspired with Grand Master of Ceremonies Quan Shang and General Liu Cheng to kill Sun Chen.

However, Sun Liang's concubine was also the daughter of Sun Chen's cousin, and she leaked this information to Sun Chen.

Therefore, Sun Lin sent troops to take control of Quan Shang overnight, and on the other hand, he sent his younger brother Sun En to kill General Liu Cheng outside Canglong Gate, and then led people to besiege the palace.

Sun Lin sent Meng Zong, the Grand Master of Ceremonies, to offer sacrifices at the ancestral temple to depose Sun Liang. He also summoned ministers to a meeting in front of the palace. During the discussion, he accused Sun Liang of being sick and confused, and of not being qualified to sit on the throne and offer sacrifices at the ancestral temple. He stated that he had already offered sacrifices to the late emperor to depose Sun Liang.

At the same time, Sun Chen threatened the court officials, saying that anyone who had objections should raise them immediately.

All the court officials were shocked and terrified by this, and expressed their complete obedience to Sun Chen's arrangements.

Therefore, Sun Chen sent Li Chong, a court official, to seize Sun Liang's imperial seal and ribbon, and distributed Sun Liang's crimes to various places. Among them, Huan Yi, a minister, was executed by Sun Chen for refusing to sign his name on the charges against Sun Liang.

Sun Chen deposed Sun Liang from his position as ruler and installed Sun Xiu, the sixth son of Sun Quan and the Prince of Langya, as the new ruler, changing the era name to Yong'an Year 1.

Sun Liang was demoted to the title of King of Kuaiji and sent to Kuaiji. At this time, Sun Liang was only sixteen years old.

In the third year of Yong'an, rumors circulated in the Kuaiji region that Sun Liang, the King of Kuaiji, intended to return to the court and ascend the throne again.

At the same time, Sun Liang's palace servants falsely accused him of having a shaman pray at the ancestral temple and of speaking ill of the current emperor, Sun Xiu.

Local officials reported the matter to Sun Xiu, who then demoted Sun Liang to the rank of Marquis of Houguan and sent him to his new fief.

On his way to his new fiefdom, Sun Liang committed suicide, and those who escorted him were all sentenced to death for the same reason.

During the Taikang era of the Western Jin Dynasty, at the request of Dai Xian, the former Minister of the Imperial Household of the Wu Kingdom, the Jin Dynasty welcomed his remains back to Jianye and buried them in Laixiang.

Sun Liang was the son of Sun Quan, the Great Emperor of Wu, who was 61 years old. He was the seventh son and the youngest son of Sun Quan.

Sun Quan gave him the courtesy name "Ziming", the same as that of Lu Meng, a famous general whom Sun Quan admired.

Sun Liang, being clear about the distinction between public and private matters, immediately ordered his guards to subject the eunuch to shaving and whipping, and then handed him over to the authorities for imprisonment and investigation.

Through this incident, Sun Liang displayed an intelligence beyond his years, and all of his attendants were sincerely impressed.

However, being intelligent at a young age is not always a good thing.

Sun Quan's eldest son, Sun Deng, and second son, Sun Lü, died young, leading to a power struggle between his third son, Sun He, and fourth son, Sun Ba, for the position of crown prince.

In his later years, Sun Quan became senile and deposed Sun He, ordered the death of Sun Ba, and then favored Pan Shu, the young and beautiful mother of Sun Liang, making her empress and Sun Liang crown prince.

Thus, at the age of nine, Sun Liang, as Sun Quan's only legitimate son, ascended the throne after Sun Quan's death and became the second emperor of Eastern Wu.

Sun Liang was too young to rule in his own right, and the government of Eastern Wu was controlled by the regent Zhuge Ke. Zhuge Ke wielded absolute power, and there was widespread resentment throughout the court and among the people.

At the age of 10, Sun Liang conspired with General Sun Jun to set up a trap, where they killed Zhuge Ke at the banquet and exterminated his entire clan.

However, Sun Liang's actions were like driving a wolf in front and encountering a tiger behind. Sun Jun was also an autocratic and tyrannical ruler who, after seizing power, brutally persecuted his relatives, and many of Sun Quan's descendants suffered at his hands.

After Sun Jun's death, his cousin Sun Chen took over the reins of power, and Sun Liang was only 12 years old.

Sun Chen was bloodthirsty and even more brutal than Sun Jun, which intensified the conflict between Sun Liang and him.

When Sun Liang assumed power at the age of 14, Sun Chen showed no intention of relinquishing it. Sun Liang, filled with resentment, began secretly plotting an assassination.

However, Sun Liang's father-in-law was not discreet and leaked the matter. Sun Chen preemptively acted, coercing the court officials to depose Sun Liang.

Sun Liang had no choice but to leave the palace, and the following year he died mysteriously while being escorted away.

It can be said that Sun Liang's experience was quite similar to that of Cao Mao, the fourth emperor of Cao Wei.

Cao Mao ascended the throne at the age of 14. He was pressured by the brothers Sima Shi and Sima Zhao. He rose up in rebellion against Sima Zhao and eventually died in the street at the age of 19.
Sun Liang ascended the throne at the age of 9. He was pressured by the brothers Sun Jun and Sun Chen, and secretly plotted to assassinate Sun Chen. He was eventually deposed and died at the age of 17.

Both men ascended the throne at a young age, were exceptionally intelligent, and harbored great ambitions, unwilling to feign ignorance.

Unfortunately, powerful ministers held sway, and the emperor was weak while his ministers were strong; even their early intelligence was insufficient to reverse the situation. (End of Chapter)