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Sun Xiu, courtesy name Zilie, was the sixth son of Sun Quan, the Great Emperor of Wu, and the third emperor of Eastern Wu, reigning from 258 to 264 AD.

In the second year of the Taiyuan era (252 AD), he was enfeoffed as the Prince of Langya and resided in Hulin.

After Sun Quan's death, Sun Xiu's younger brother Sun Liang succeeded him, and Zhuge Ke took power. Sun Xiu was ordered to move to Danyang County.

Because he was repeatedly offended by Li Heng, the governor of Danyang, Sun Xiu took the initiative to request to move to another place, and later moved to Kuaiji.

In the third year of the Taiping era (258 AD), Sun Chen deposed Sun Liang and made him the King of Kuaiji, and welcomed Sun Xiu to the throne.

Sun Chen, wielding great power, plotted rebellion. Sun Xiu and General Zhang Bu devised a plan to kill Sun Chen in the palace.

After Sun Xiu ascended the throne, he promoted education and culture, established the system of Imperial Academy Doctors, and issued an edict to establish Doctors of the Five Classics in order to promote a grand and thriving education.

They valued agriculture and sericulture, promulgated sound regulations, benefited the people, and promoted the prosperity of Eastern Wu.

In the third year of Yong'an (260 AD), Sun Liang was demoted to the rank of Marquis of Houguan and sent to his fief. Sun Liang committed suicide.

On September 3, 264, the seventh year of the Yong'an era, Sun Xiu died at the young age of thirty. He was posthumously honored as Emperor Jing and buried in Dingling.

Lu Ji, a writer from the Western Jin Dynasty, believed that Sun Xiu followed the old laws during his reign and made no major mistakes in politics. However, later historians Chen Shou and Xiao Chang believed that Sun Xiu's pursuit and killing of Sun Liang was somewhat cruel.

In the fourth year of the Jiahe era (235 AD), Lady Wang gave birth to Sun Xiu, the sixth son of Sun Quan.

When Sun Xiu was 13 years old, he studied Confucian culture under the guidance of She Ci, a secretary in the Imperial Secretariat, and Sheng Chong, a secretary in the Imperial Secretariat.

At the end of the Chiwu era (250 AD), Sun Xiu married Zhu Ju's daughter as his concubine.

In the first month of the first year of the Taiyuan era (252 AD), he was enfeoffed as the Prince of Langya and resided in Hulin.

In April, Sun Quan died, and Sun Xiu's younger brother, Sun Liang, succeeded him.

When Zhuge Ke took office, in order to ensure control over the key military locations along the Yangtze River, he ordered Sun Xiu to be moved to Danyang County.

Sun Xiu was repeatedly offended by Li Heng, the governor of Danyang, and petitioned to be moved to another place. He was later moved to Kuaiji Commandery.

A few years later, Sun Xiu dreamed that he rode a dragon and flew up to the sky, but when he looked back, he could not see the dragon's tail.

On September 26th of the third year of the Taiping era, Sun Chen launched a coup, deposed King Wu Sun Liang and made him King of Kuaiji, and sent the Imperial Clan Minister Sun Kai and the Secretary Dong Chao to Kuaiji to welcome King Langya Sun Xiu.

On October 17, when Sun Xiu arrived in Qu'a, an old man stopped him, addressed him as Your Majesty, and urged him to proceed quickly to prevent any unforeseen changes from occurring over time.

Sun Xiu obeyed and arrived at Buseiting on that day.

Sun Chen appointed his younger brother Sun En to act as prime minister, and led the officials to welcome Sun Xiu at Yongchang Pavilion in the emperor's carriage. They also set up a throne in a temporary palace surrounded by military tents.

On October 18, Sun Xiu arrived at the side hall and rested in the east wing. Sun En presented the imperial seal to Sun Xiu, who declined three times before finally accepting it.

Officials, in rank, guided Sun Xiu's carriage, which he rode in, accompanied by his ministers.

Sun Chen led a thousand soldiers to bow down by the roadside in the suburbs, and Sun Xiu got off his carriage to return the bow.

On that day, Sun Xiu arrived at the main hall, granted a general amnesty, and changed the era name to Yong'an.

Sun Chen handed over his seal of office and military command, requesting to retire. Sun Xiu introduced him to Sun Chen and comforted him.

On October 21, Sun Xiu issued an edict to commend and reward meritorious officials: appointing Sun Chen as Chancellor and Governor of Jingzhou, and increasing his fief by five counties;

Sun En, the General of the Martial Guard, was appointed Grand Censor, General of the Guards, and Commander of the Central Army, and was enfeoffed as a Marquis of a County; Sun Ju, the General of the Mighty Distant Regions, was appointed General of the Right and enfeoffed as a Marquis of a County; Sun Gan, the General of the Vanguard, was appointed General of Miscellaneous Titles and enfeoffed as a Marquis of a Pavilion.

Zhang Bu, the Commandant of Changshui, diligently guided the emperor, and was appointed General of Assistance and enfeoffed as Marquis of Yongkang; Dong Chao personally welcomed the emperor and enfeoffed him as Marquis of a Township.

After Sun Xiu ascended the throne, Li Heng was terrified. Following his wife's advice, he imprisoned himself and submitted a memorial detailing his past mistakes, publicly requesting punishment.

Sun Xiu issued an edict expressing that he would not hold past grievances against Li Heng, and at the same time appointed Li Heng as General of the Mighty Far Away, and presented him with a halberd to indicate his official rank.

On October 28, the King of Wu enfeoffed Sun Hao, son of the late Prince of Nanyang Sun He, as Marquis of Wucheng; Sun Hao's younger brother Sun De as Marquis of Qiantang; and Sun Qian as Marquis of Yong'an.

The court officials petitioned to establish an empress and a crown prince, but Sun Xiu believed that this was not the most urgent matter. He argued that the focus should be on maintaining national stability and strengthening the monarch's authority. The officials continued to petition, but Sun Xiu did not grant their requests.

Five members of Sun Chen's family were ennobled and commanded the imperial guards, wielding immense power in the court.

Sun Chen brought cattle and wine to visit Sun Xiu, but Sun Xiu refused to accept them, so he had to send them to the home of General Zhang Bu.

When he was quite drunk, Sun Chen complained to Zhang Bu that Sun Xiu treated him the same as other ministers, which he felt was disrespectful. So he wanted to depose Sun Xiu and install a new emperor.

Zhang Bu told Sun Xiu these words, and Sun Xiu, fearing that he would incite a rebellion, rewarded him many times.

Someone reported that Sun Chen harbored resentment and insulted the emperor, plotting a rebellion. Sun Xiu then arrested the man and handed him over to Sun Chen, who killed him. From then on, Sun Chen became even more fearful.

Sun Xiu always responded respectfully to any requests Sun Chen made. Sun Chen, through Meng Zong, requested permission from Sun Xiu to station troops in Wuchang, which Sun Xiu granted.

Sun Chen took away more than 10,000 elite troops under his command and also took weapons from the armory. Sun Xiu not only did not stop him, but also issued a document to facilitate Sun Chen's actions.

After learning that Sun Chen intended to rebel, Sun Xiu conspired with General Zhang Bu and General Ding Feng to kill him at the Laba Festival gathering.

On December 8th, the Laba Festival was held, and all officials paid homage and offered their congratulations. When the ministers and high-ranking officials ascended the hall, Sun Xiu ordered his warriors to bind Sun Chen and execute him that same day, along with his entire clan.

In the third year of Yong'an, rumors circulated in Kuaiji County that Sun Liang, the King of Kuaiji, would return to the capital to become emperor. However, Sun Liang's palace servants accused him of having a shaman perform prayers and sacrifices, and that the prayers contained ominous words.

The relevant officials reported the matter to Sun Xiu, and Sun Liang was demoted to the rank of Marquis of Houguan and sent to his new fief.

Sun Liang committed suicide halfway there, and those who escorted him were all convicted and executed. Sun Xiu divided the southern part of Kuaiji and established Jian'an Commandery, and separated Yidu Commandery to establish Jianping Commandery.

Sun Xiu was an avid reader and wanted to discuss scholarship with the two scholars, Wei Yao and Sheng Chong. However, Zhang Bu felt that the two were too straightforward and might point out Sun Xiu's mistakes, so he kept advising Sun Xiu not to discuss scholarship with them.

Sun Xiu replied that he was very knowledgeable about historical events and that it would be fine for Wei Yao and others to enter the palace to explain the books and relearn them.

He was prepared and would not hesitate to speak ill of Wei Yao and others.

When Sun Xiu first became king, Zhang Bu was his general and commander, and he always enjoyed his trust and favor.

When Sun Xiu ascended the throne, he bestowed great favor upon Zhang Bu, who then monopolized the power of the court and did many disrespectful things. Zhang Bu was particularly worried because he was afraid that Wei Yao and Sheng Chong would expose his mistakes.

Although Sun Xiu understood the intentions behind it, he was still unhappy about it and worried that Zhang Bu might cause trouble out of suspicion and fear. So, he went along with Zhang Bu's wishes and canceled his academic discussion, no longer allowing Sheng Chong and the others to enter the palace.

In the sixth year of Yong'an (263 AD), Sun Xu, the governor of Jiaozhi in Wu, was greedy and cruel, and was hated by the people. Before this, Sun Xu had selected more than a thousand craftsmen from the prefecture and sent them to Jianye. At this time, Sun Xiu sent Deng Xun, who was in charge of military affairs, to Jiaozhi. Deng Xun took thirty heads of Kong Jue without authorization and sent them to Jianye. The people were afraid of the long journey and labor, so they plotted to rebel.

In the summer, in May, the county official Lü Xing and others plotted a rebellion, killed Sun Xu, and sent an envoy to the State of Wei, requesting that he be appointed as the governor and commander of troops. Thus, Jiaozhi also rebelled against Wu and surrendered to Wei, and Sun Wu was completely surrounded by Wei.

In the tenth month of winter, the State of Shu sent an envoy to inform the State of Wu that the State of Wei was planning to launch a campaign against them.

On the 21st, a fire broke out in the stone town of Jianye, burning down buildings within a 180-zhang radius in the southwest.

On the 22nd, Sun Xiu dispatched General Ding Feng to lead the various armies to advance towards Shouchun in Wei. General Liu Ping went to Nanjun to meet with Shi Ji to discuss the direction of the advance. He also ordered Generals Ding Feng and Sun Yi to go to Mianzhong to rescue Shu.

When news of Liu Shan, the ruler of Shu, surrendered to Wei, all rescue efforts were halted. Chancellor Puyang Xing suggested selecting 10,000 men for military farming. The Wuling Commandery was split to form the Tianmen Commandery.

Because the Wuling Wuxi Yi people bordered the Shu Kingdom, and after the fall of Shu, Sun Xiu feared a rebellion by the Wuxi Yi people, he appointed Yueqi Xiaowei Zhongli Mu as the temporary governor of Wuling.

The State of Wei has dispatched Guo Chun, the magistrate of Hanjia County, to temporarily serve as the governor of Wuling. He led the people of Fuling into the territory of Qianling and stationed them at Chisha, luring various Yi tribes to attack Xiyang. The whole county was in a state of panic.

Zhongli Mu led his soldiers on a nighttime journey, traveling nearly two thousand li along dangerous mountain roads. They killed over one hundred leaders among the wicked people who harbored rebellious intentions, as well as over one thousand of their accomplices. Guo Chun and the others dared to flee, and finally pacified the Wuxi Yi and other areas.

In the first month of the seventh year of Yong'an (264 AD), a general amnesty was granted. In February, Zhong Hui, a general of Wei, died in a mutiny by his subordinates, and Deng Ai was killed by the general Tian Xu. With hundreds of cities without a ruler, Sun Xiu then had the intention to annex Shu. However, Badong was well-defended and his soldiers could not pass through. Therefore, he ordered Fu Jun Bu Xie to lead his troops westward.

The garrison commander of Badong, Luo Xian, was too weak to resist, so he sent his military advisor Yang Zong to break through the siege and head north to report the emergency to General Chen Qian of Andong. He also sent the seals of civil and military officials and hostages to the Duke of Jin.

Bu Xie attacked Yong'an, and Luo Xian fought against him, defeating Bu Xie decisively. Sun Xiu was furious and sent Lu Kang and others with 30,000 soldiers to reinforce the siege of Luo Xian.

In April, Wang Zhi, a newly appointed general of the Wei state, crossed the sea to attack Juzhang, capturing more than two hundred officials, valuables, and civilians, including men and women.

In July, pirates captured Haiyan and killed Luo Xiu, the Salt Commissioner. Sun Xiu then dispatched Liu Chuan, a court official, to lead troops to Luling.

The people of Yuzhang Commandery, including Zhang Jie, rebelled, gathering more than 10,000 people. The Wu Kingdom attacked and besieged Luo Xian for nearly six months. The King of Jin dispatched Hu Lie, the governor of Jingzhou, with 20,000 infantry and cavalry to attack Xiling to rescue Luo Xian.

In July, the Wu army withdrew. Wu then divided Jiaozhou and established Guangzhou. On the 24th, a general amnesty was granted again throughout the country.

In the seventh year of Yong'an (264 AD), Sun Xiu fell ill and could not speak. He wrote a letter to summon Chancellor Puyang Xing to the palace and then had the Crown Prince come out to pay his respects to Puyang Xing. Sun Xiu held Puyang Xing's arm and pointed to the Crown Prince, entrusting him with his duties.

On September 3, 264 AD, Sun Xiu, the King of Wu, died and was posthumously named Emperor Jing. His ministers honored Empress Zhu as Empress Dowager.

After Emperor Jing died, because the crown prince was only about ten years old, the ministers requested that an older emperor be enthroned. Therefore, Puyang Xing and Zhang Bu went against Emperor Jing's wishes and enthroned his nephew Sun Hao as emperor. However, the two were soon executed by Sun Hao on a pretext, and Emperor Jing, Empress Zhu, and the crown prince were also forced to their deaths.

Sun Xiu was born in the fourth year of the Jiahe era and was the sixth son of Sun Quan, the Great Emperor of Eastern Wu.

Generally speaking, as neither the eldest son nor the legitimate heir, he would never have any connection with the throne. Unexpectedly, he actually became the emperor of Eastern Wu in the future.

Sun Xiu, who was already 18 years old, was enfeoffed as the Prince of Langya, with his fiefdom being Hulin, a strategic location on the Yangtze River. Clearly, Sun Quan's idea was that the princes could become a bulwark for Eastern Wu, which was similar to the idea of ​​Zhu Yuanzhang, the later Ming Taizu.

In the same year, Sun Quan died and his son, Sun Liang, succeeded him. Because he was young, in accordance with his will, Grand Tutor Zhuge Ke was appointed to assist in governing.

Zhuge Ke believed that the princes were located in strategic locations and faced great risks, so he reassigned these princes, and Sun Xiu was moved to Danyang County.

There, Sun Xiu had a falling out with the local governor Li Heng and petitioned for a change of title, so the court moved him to Kuaiji.

Sun Xiu lived in Kuaiji Commandery for six years, during which time he befriended the local governor Puyang Xing and his left and right generals Zhang Bu, and they formed a deep friendship.

In the third year of the Taiping era, Sun Xiu dreamed that he rode a dragon to heaven, but when he looked back he could not see the dragon's tail. When he woke up, he did not understand the meaning of the dream, but he was very surprised.

Not long after, Emperor Sun Liang's plot to eliminate the powerful minister Sun Chen failed, and he was deposed. In order to ensure the continuation of the throne, Sun Chen decided to enthrone Sun Xiu. Thus, Sun Xiu became the emperor of Eastern Wu, known as Emperor Jing of Wu.

After Sun Xiu ascended the throne, he naturally wanted to eliminate powerful ministers, but he knew that he did not have enough strength, so he began to bide his time.

On the surface, they supported all of Sun Chen's reports, but in secret, they began to plot how to eliminate him.

Sun Xiu and Zhang Bu secretly conspired, and with the strong support of the veteran general Ding Feng, they successfully eliminated the powerful minister and regained the power that belonged to the emperor.

After Sun Xiu assumed power, he prioritized education and began to vigorously promote education to revitalize the country. This cannot be said to be wrong, but it was clearly inappropriate in the context of the chaotic world of the Three Kingdoms period.

It was precisely these flawed governing policies that prevented Eastern Wu from truly becoming powerful.

Furthermore, because of his close relationship with Puyang Xing and Zhang Bu in the past, and their significant assistance in eliminating Sun Chen, Sun Xiu entrusted a great deal of power to them after seizing power. Zhang Bu was put in charge of palace offices, while Puyang Xing was in charge of military and state affairs, working together in a complementary manner. This greatly disappointed the court officials.

Although the Wu Kingdom did not become powerful, it was still relatively stable. In the sixth year of Yong'an, Shu Han was destroyed. Sun Xiu, seeing that he could not come to the aid of Shu Han, planned to take advantage of the chaos and sent troops to seize Yong'an. However, they were blocked by Luo Xian, a famous general of Shu Han, and the Wu army had to return empty-handed.

In the seventh year of Yong'an, Sun Xiu, who was only 30 years old, suddenly fell ill and was even unable to speak. Before his death, he summoned Puyang Xing and Zhang Bu as regents and entrusted the young crown prince to them. He passed away soon after.

Although Emperor Jing of Wu, Sun Xiu, was considered a wise ruler among the emperors of Eastern Wu, his wisdom was limited. His intention to promote education and strengthen the country was good.
In times of peace, this philosophy of governance could certainly be effective, but in the chaotic Three Kingdoms period, it failed to consider strengthening the nation and its military, which seemed to put the cart before the horse.

He was the second Emperor Taizong, but not the emperor of a unified dynasty. He reigned for six years, and at the beginning of his reign, he executed powerful ministers.

He then promoted education to revitalize the nation, but alas, fate was unkind; he passed away at the young age of 30, and ultimately, his country inevitably perished. This Emperor Taizong was none other than Emperor Jing of Wu, Sun Xiu. (End of Chapter)