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Liu Bian was the eldest son of Emperor Ling of Han (Liu Hong) and Empress He. He was the only emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty to be deposed and is historically known as Emperor Shao.

As a child, Liu Bian was sent to be raised by the Daoist Shi Zimiao and was known as "Lord Shi". In the sixth year of the Zhongping era (189 AD), Emperor Ling died, and his son Liu Bian ascended the throne.
Later, due to the chaos caused by eunuchs in the capital, Dong Zhuo, the governor of Bing Province, was summoned to Luoyang. In the first year of Zhaoning (189), Dong Zhuo deposed Liu Bian, demoted him to the Prince of Hongnong, and installed his younger brother Liu Xie as emperor, who became Emperor Xian of Han.

In the following year (190 AD), Dong Zhuo ordered Li Ru, the Imperial Physician, to poison Liu Bian. In the same year, Emperor Xian of Han posthumously honored him as King Huai.

Emperor Ling of Han believed that Liu Bian was frivolous and lacked dignity, and was unfit to be a ruler. The powerful minister Dong Zhuo also thought he was incompetent and weak.

However, Lu Zhi, a scholar and general in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, pointed out that Liu Bian "did not make any mistakes" and had no major errors during his reign.

Liu Bian was born in Luoyang Palace on the day of Bingyin in the intercalary eighth month of the second year of the Xiping era. His father was Emperor Ling of Han, Liu Hong, and his mother was Lady He. Because of Liu Bian's birth, Lady He was elevated in status and was granted the title of Noble Lady. Two years after Emperor Ling's Empress Song was deposed, she was promoted back to Empress.

Before Liu Bian was born, Emperor Ling had lost several sons in succession. Therefore, after Liu Bian was born, Lady He did not raise him in the palace, but in the home of the Daoist Shi Zimiao. She dared not call him by his real name, Liu Bian, and referred to him as "Lord Shi".

Consort Wang gave birth to a son, Liu Xie, who was raised by Empress Dowager Dong and was known as "Marquis Dong". The court officials requested Emperor Ling to establish a crown prince.

Emperor Ling thought Liu Bian was frivolous and lacked dignity, and wanted to establish Liu Xie as the crown prince, but he hesitated and did not decide who would be the crown prince until Emperor Ling died.

On the eleventh day of the fourth month of the sixth year of the Zhongping era, Emperor Ling died in the Jiade Palace. Previously, when Emperor Ling was seriously ill, he entrusted Liu Xie to Jian Shuo. Jian Shuo was in the palace at the time and planned to kill He Jin first, and then install Liu Xie as emperor.

When He Jin entered from outside, Jian Shuo, the military commander, and Pan Yin, who had been on good terms with He Jin for a long time, signaled to him with their eyes while welcoming him. He Jin was frightened and rode back to camp by a shortcut, leading his troops to garrison the Baijun residence. Therefore, he pretended to be sick and did not go in.

Jian Shuo's plot failed. Prince Liu Bian ascended the throne and honored his mother as Empress Dowager. Empress Dowager He ruled as regent, with He Jin and Grand Tutor Yuan Wei assisting in governance and concurrently holding the position of Minister of the Imperial Secretariat.

Empress Dowager He assumed regency, granted a general amnesty, and changed the era name to Guangxi. She enfeoffed the emperor's younger brother, Liu Xie, as the Prince of Bohai, and appointed General Yuan Wei as Grand Tutor, who, together with General He Jin, jointly managed the affairs of the Imperial Secretariat.

After Liu Bian ascended the throne, Jian Shuo still wanted to install Prince Liu Xie as the new emperor, but fearing that He Jin would kill him after seizing power, he sought help from other eunuchs such as Zhao Zhong.

However, either because they were close to He Jin or to protect themselves, they disobeyed Jian Shuo's advice and instead betrayed him to He Jin. Soon after, Jian Shuo was executed.

On the 25th day of the eighth month of the first year of the Guangxi era, He Jin entered Chang Le Palace again and asked Empress Dowager He for permission to execute all the eunuchs. Zhang Rang and Duan Gui then sent people to eavesdrop on the conversation between He Jin and his sister, and learned that He Jin wanted to kill them.

Hearing rumors of his death, the eunuchs preemptively killed him in front of the Jiade Hall in the palace. Upon learning of He Jin's murder, his subordinates Wu Kuang, Zhang Zhang, and Yuan Shu led troops to the inner palace to slaughter all the eunuchs.

The next day, the eunuchs coerced Empress Dowager He, Liu Bian, Liu Xie, and other palace officials to flee to the Deyang Palace in the North Palace. Empress Dowager He was rescued by Minister Lu Zhi en route. Zhang Rang, Duan Gui, and others kidnapped the young emperor and Liu Xie and took them to Xiaopingjin. They were later caught up by Lu Zhi. Min Gong, an official from central Henan, arrived at the banks of the Yellow River at night.

Min Gong sternly rebuked Zhang Rang and his associates, listing their crimes of flaunting imperial favor and coercing the monarch. He then used his sword to kill several eunuchs. Zhang Rang and his men were terrified, knowing their deaths were imminent. They bowed twice to the young emperor, kowtowed in farewell, and then threw themselves into the river to commit suicide.

Later, Min Gong helped Emperor Shao (Liu Bian) and Prince Chenliu (Liu Xie) southward to await reinforcements. On their way back to the palace, they finally found horses. Emperor Shao (Liu Bian) rode one horse alone, while Prince Chenliu (Liu Xie) and Min Gong rode the other. Only then did reinforcements gradually arrive.

After Liu Bian returned to the palace, he granted a general amnesty and changed the era name to the first year of Zhaoning. Before Liu Bian returned to the palace, Dong Zhuo went to rescue him. When Liu Bian saw Dong Zhuo, he was so frightened that he cried and spoke incoherently.

However, Liu Xie's conversation with Dong Zhuo was eloquent and thorough. Furthermore, because Liu Xie was raised by Empress Dowager Dong, Dong Zhuo considered himself to be of the same clan as her, and thus conceived the idea of ​​deposing Liu Bian and installing Liu Xie as emperor.

Not long after Liu Bian returned to the palace, the subordinates of He Jin and He Miao all defected to Dong Zhuo. Dong Zhuo then ordered Lü Bu to kill their lord Ding Yuan, thus greatly increasing Dong Zhuo's military strength. Afterwards, Dong Zhuo used the excuse of the rain not stopping to force the emperor to dismiss Liu Hong, the Minister of Works, and take over the position himself.

Soon after, Dong Zhuo proposed to his ministers that the young Emperor Liu Bian be deposed and Liu Xie be installed as emperor. Lu Zhi disagreed and was therefore dismissed from his post by Dong Zhuo, fleeing to Shanggu County to live in seclusion. Dong Zhuo sent someone to show the plan of deposing and installing emperors to Grand Tutor Yuan Wei, who agreed.

On the first day of the ninth month, Dong Zhuo summoned all the officials to the Chongde Hall and threatened Empress Dowager He to issue an edict to depose Emperor Shao, Liu Bian. Yuan Wei removed the imperial seal and ribbon worn by Emperor Shao, Liu Bian, and presented it to Liu Xie. Then he helped Liu Bian down from the hall and made him submit to Liu Xie, who was sitting to the north.

Liu Bian was deposed, and Liu Xie ascended the throne. Neither Empress Dowager He nor any of the ministers dared to speak. Dong Zhuo then brought up the fact that Empress Dowager He had previously pressured her mother-in-law, Empress Dowager Dong, causing her to die of worry, and violated the etiquette of a daughter-in-law showing filial piety to her mother-in-law. On this grounds, he moved Empress Dowager He to Yong'an Palace and changed the reign title from Zhaoning to Yonghan.

Afterwards, Dong Zhuo poisoned Empress Dowager He. Officials of the rank of duke and below did not wear mourning clothes; when attending the funeral, they only wore white robes.

In the first month of the first year of Emperor Xian's reign (1620), a large-scale uprising of righteous troops broke out in Shandong to overthrow Dong Zhuo's usurpation of power. Dong Zhuo ordered Li Ru, the Imperial Physician, to administer poison to Liu Bian, but Liu Bian refused to take it.

Dong Zhuo then forced him to drink, and Liu Bian, left with no choice, bid farewell with his wife, Tang Ji, and the palace maids.

A year after being deposed, Liu Bian committed suicide under duress from Dong Zhuo at the age of eighteen. In February of the same year, he was buried in the tomb of the former eunuch Zhao Zhongxian and posthumously honored as King Huai.

After the young emperor ascended the throne, he honored his mother, Empress He, as Empress Dowager. Due to her young age, the Empress Dowager ruled as regent. First, she granted a general amnesty, and then she enfeoffed her nine-year-old brother, Liu Xie, as the Prince of Bohai.

At the end of Emperor Ling's reign, popular uprisings broke out in various parts of the country. After the young emperor ascended the throne, power was seized by his mother, the empress dowager, and military power was controlled by General He Jin. This led to the escalating conflict between the He clan and the eunuch faction, which ultimately resulted in a palace coup.

After killing Jian Shuo, He Jin went a step further and wanted to kill all the eunuchs. However, since one person's strength was still too weak, he summoned Dong Zhuo to the capital to jointly eliminate the eunuchs.

However, his sister, Empress Dowager He, disagreed with his plan. In 189 AD, having received word of this, the Ten Attendants decided to strike first before He Jin could execute them, ultimately killing him in the Jiade Hall. Upon learning of He Jin's death, He Jin's subordinates, including Yuan Shu and Wu Kuang, led troops into the palace to kill the eunuchs.

Dong Zhuo, who was ordered to come to the aid of the emperor, discovered that the palace was on fire and knew that a coup had taken place. He then quickly led his troops to protect the young emperor.

Upon finding the young emperor, he was so frightened that he couldn't utter a single word, while Liu Xie, standing nearby, answered fluently. Dong Zhuo noticed Liu Xie and the idea of ​​deposing the young emperor arose in his mind.

After Dong Zhuo entered the capital, he appointed himself Minister of Works and wielded immense power. He then decided to depose the young emperor and install Liu Xie, the Prince of Chenliu, as the new emperor in order to enhance his own prestige.

Because Dong Zhuo held a large army, no one in the court dared to oppose him except for Lu Zhi and Yuan Shao. On the first day of the ninth month of the first year of Zhaoning, Dong Zhuo summoned all the officials in the Chongde Hall and forced Empress Dowager He to issue an edict to establish Liu Xie as emperor, depose the emperor and make him the Prince of Hongnong, and the Empress Dowager returned power to him.

The year after deposing the young emperor, Dong Zhuo ordered Li Ru to present poisoned wine to the Prince of Hongnong. However, the Prince of Hongnong refused to drink it, so Li Ru forced him to drink it. The Prince of Hongnong died at the age of fifteen.

Liu Bian, also known as the Later Emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was the son of Emperor Ling of Han, Liu Hong, and his mother was Empress He. He was the thirteenth emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty and reigned for only four months.

Liu Bian succeeded to the throne after Emperor Ling's death, and was known as Emperor Shao. Due to his young age, real power was held by his mother, Empress Dowager He, who ruled as regent, and his maternal uncle, General He Jin.

During the reign of the young emperor, the Eastern Han dynasty was already a mere shell of its former self. Shortly after his ascension to the throne, he faced a power struggle between two opposing political factions: the imperial relatives group led by He Jin and the eunuch group led by the Ten Attendants. He was forced to leave the palace.

After returning to the palace, he was controlled by Dong Zhuo, a warlord from Liangzhou who entered the capital under the pretext of "serving the emperor." He was eventually deposed and made Prince of Hongnong, becoming the only emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty to be deposed. His half-brother, Liu Xie, Prince of Chenliu, succeeded him as emperor, known as Emperor Xian of Han.

A year after being deposed, Liu Bian committed suicide under coercion from Dong Zhuo at the age of fifteen. His brother, Emperor Xian, posthumously honored him as Prince Huai.

Liu Bian is referred to as Prince Bian, the Young Emperor, and the King of Hongnong, among other titles. However, because his reign lasted less than a year, he is generally not considered a legitimate emperor of the Han Dynasty, and no separate biography dedicated to him as an emperor is written.
Liu Bian was born in the fifth year of the Xiping era of Emperor Ling of Han. His father was Emperor Ling of Han, Liu Hong, and his mother was a palace maid named He from Wan County, Nanyang Commandery. Therefore, Liu Bian was born out of wedlock.

After the birth of Prince Liu Bian, Lady He was elevated to the rank of Consort because of her son's status. Two years after Empress Song was deposed, she was promoted back to Empress.

Before Liu Bian was born, all of Emperor Ling's sons had died young. Therefore, after Liu Bian was born, he was not raised in the palace, but in the home of the Daoist Shi Zimiao. He dared not call him by his real name, Liu Bian, but called him "Lord Shi".

Emperor Ling disliked Liu Bian and favored Liu Xie, the son of Consort Wang. When the court officials petitioned Emperor Ling to establish a crown prince, Emperor Ling believed that Liu Bian's behavior was frivolous and lacked imperial dignity, making him unsuitable to be emperor. He wanted to make Prince Liu Xie the crown prince instead.
However, because Empress He was favored in the palace, and her brother He Jin held the position of Grand General and wielded great power in the court, the matter of establishing a crown prince was delayed for a long time, and no crown prince was established until Emperor Ling passed away.

In the sixth year of the Zhongping era, Emperor Ling fell seriously ill. On his deathbed, he entrusted his heir, Prince Liu Xie, to Jian Shuo, a eunuch and military commander whom he trusted greatly.

On the eleventh day of the fourth month of the same year, Emperor Ling died. Jian Shuo wanted to kill He Jin first and then establish Prince Liu Xie as emperor, so he invited He Jin into the harem.

However, as soon as He Jin entered the inner palace from the outer court, Jian Shuo's Sima Pan Yin, who was an old acquaintance of He Jin, walked towards He Jin and gave him a meaningful look.

He Jin was shocked and withdrew first, returning to the military camp via a side road. He then lied that he was ill and unable to enter the palace, thus Jian Shuo's plan failed, and Prince Bian was able to successfully inherit the throne.

Two days after Emperor Ling's death, Liu Bian ascended the throne, becoming known as Emperor Shao. Emperor Shao honored his mother, Empress He, as Empress Dowager, and due to his young age, Empress Dowager He ruled as regent.

He declared a general amnesty and changed the era name to Guangxi. He enfeoffed his nine-year-old younger brother Liu Xie as the Prince of Bohai. He appointed General Yuan Wei as Grand Tutor and concurrently appointed him and General He Jin as co-directors of the Secretariat.

After the young emperor ascended the throne, Jian Shuo still wanted to install Prince Xie as the new emperor, but fearing that He Jin would kill him once he gained power, he sought help from other eunuchs such as Zhao Zhong. However, these eunuchs, either close to He Jin or for their own protection, did not heed Jian Shuo's advice and instead betrayed him to He Jin. Soon after, He Jin ordered the eunuch in charge of the palace gates to arrest and execute Jian Shuo.

At the end of Emperor Ling's reign, the Eastern Han Dynasty was already on the verge of collapse: the Yellow Turban Rebellion broke out outside the court, and in the process of suppressing the rebellion, the Eastern Han court delegated power to the local governments, resulting in a de facto warlord separatist situation in various regions, and the Eastern Han regime existed in name only;
Within the imperial court, the powerful maternal relatives group led by General He Jin and the eunuch group led by the Ten Attendants, after a brief alliance during the suppression of a popular uprising, once again became enemies. It was under these circumstances that Liu Bian ascended the throne.

After Emperor Shao Bian ascended the throne, due to his young age, all political affairs were determined by his mother, the Empress Dowager, who ruled as regent, and his uncle, General He Jin, who held military power. The conflict between He Jin's maternal relatives and the eunuch faction intensified, eventually leading to a palace coup.

After killing Jian Shuo, He Jin went a step further and wanted to kill all the eunuchs. He summoned Dong Zhuo, the governor of Bingzhou, to bring troops to the capital to help him. He also asked his sister, Empress Dowager He, to agree to kill the eunuchs, but Empress Dowager He refused.

On the 25th day of the eighth month of the first year of Guangxi (戊辰 day), He Jin entered Chang Le Palace, where Empress Dowager He resided, again and asked her to agree to his execution of all the eunuchs.

Hearing rumors of his death, eunuchs Zhang Rang, Duan Gui, and others preemptively killed him in front of the Jiade Hall in the palace. Upon learning of He Jin's murder, his subordinates Wu Kuang, Zhang Zhang, Yuan Shu, and others led troops to the inner palace to slaughter all the eunuchs.

On the 26th day of the eighth month of the first year of Guangxi (1709), at dawn, the eunuchs, unable to hold out any longer in the inner palace, entered Changle Palace to report to Empress Dowager He, falsely claiming that the Grand General's subordinates were plotting a rebellion. They then seized the opportunity to coerce Empress Dowager He, the young emperor, Prince Chenliu, and officials from the province, and kidnapped other palace officials, fleeing to the Deyang Hall of the North Palace via the Tianqiao Pavilion. Empress Dowager He was rescued en route by Minister Lu Zhi.

On the 27th day of the eighth month of the first year of Guangxi (1860), Zhang Rang, Duan Gui, and others, forced by pursuing troops, were trapped in the North Palace. With no other options, they had no choice but to lead the young emperor, the Prince of Chenliu, and several dozen others out of the valley gate on foot. They arrived at Xiaopingjin after nightfall.

The emperor did not carry his six jade seals with him, and no high-ranking officials accompanied him. Only Lu Zhi, the Minister of Works, and Min Gong, the Assistant Clerk of Central Henan, arrived at the banks of the Yellow River at night and encountered the young emperor and his entourage. Min Gong led his cavalry and caught up with them just before dawn.

The young emperor was both hungry and thirsty, so Min Gong slaughtered a sheep and presented it to him. He then sternly rebuked Zhang Rang and others for their treachery and misrule, and killed several eunuchs with his sword. Zhang Rang and the others were terrified, knowing their death was imminent. They bowed to the young emperor, kowtowed, and took their leave before throwing themselves into the river and committing suicide.

Min Gong, supporting the young emperor and the Prince of Chenliu, walked south under the cover of night, following the faint light of fireflies, intending to return to the palace. After walking several miles, they found a cart belonging to a commoner, and the three of them rode it to Luoshe, where they disembarked to rest. (End of Chapter)