The six-dimensional pictures of emperors of all dynasties were exposed, and the ancestors panicked

Chapter 709: Great Reform: Reform of the Land and the People
{Since I learned about the ancient household registration system, I really have no interest in the dynastic disputes on the Internet...}
{So, although they were only relatively equal, among the emperors at the peak of power in the imperial society, Yongzheng was indeed a good person. Even the leaders of the Qing Dynasty generally bypassed Yongzheng and even called him the fourth brother.}
{It is impossible to discredit the Qing Dynasty, and the only way is to spread rumors and slander, but everyone can see what Yongzheng did, so it is impossible to discredit him.}
{It is easy to discredit Yongzheng. The first thing his own son did after ascending the throne was to abolish the key reform bills. He is the only ruthless person who wrote a book and was banned by his next son.}
{You don't know how much support there was for Qian Xiaosi in the court after these two things were done, which shows how unpopular Yongzheng's governance was (dog head)}

……

Great Qin.

Ying Zheng laughed, and laughed happily.

The other four people laughed so hard that they felt creepy.

"Knew it……"

Ying Zheng sat upright and said with a smile:
"Another example of a loving father and a filial son."

……

The period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty
Liu Che was not clear about the relationship between the father and son.

But it must be said that there is nothing wrong with Yongzheng's current domestic affairs.

Even if Emperor Wen were still alive, he would agree with this statement.

Then the contrast emerges.

"Qianlong..."

Liu Che read these two words and understood in his heart.

He couldn't withstand the pressure of the gentry's counterattack.

……

Tang Dynasty and Emperor Gaozu's period
Li Yuan felt a little regretful.

"There can be no father and son without hatred."

Li Jiancheng held the teacup and said it had nothing to do with him.

After all, it was me who lost my head.

Li Shimin endured the sarcasm in the words.

There is no way, a legitimate position as crown prince is too important!
"you get what you sow."

Of course, it's not in his character not to jump twice.

Li Yuan's face immediately lengthened when he heard this.

Unable to refute.

……

Ming dynasty.

Zhu Yuanzhang wanted to show off his father-son relationship and thought that Biaoer would definitely not change his policy.

But my mind couldn't help but think of the unspoken rules of the Ming Dynasty emperors.

As soon as he came to power, he changed the policies of the previous emperor.

and……

Zhu Yuanzhang, who was sitting on the chair, changed his posture.

Biao'er's idea is right. If he gets promoted, he will probably have to change the systems he made...

But this is our problem!
Although I don't like the Qing Dynasty, to be honest, there was nothing wrong with Yongzheng's policies.

If there is no problem but he still changes it, then there is something wrong with his son!
After such a comparison...our Biaoer is still better!
Queen Ma just watched Zhu Yuanzhang's expression change.

There's no need to ask, he's just competing with others in vain.

……

Qing Dynasty Yongzheng Period
A big thunderbolt from the blue!
Hongli was dumbfounded.

What the hell is this? It has nothing to do with that!

Can you tell me clearly what I changed?
As for the book...

Speaking of that book...his head is buzzing!
That book must be banned!
But at this moment, I still have to take care of the things in front of me. After all...

boom!
The transparent green Eighteen Beads fell on Hongli.

Yongzheng stood up and pointed at Hongli, his face turning purple with anger.

"You traitor!"

"The ancients said: If one does not change his father's ways for three years, he can be called filial!"

"You're thinking about changing the government right after you ascended the throne? You unfilial son!"

Yongzheng was furious.

You feel happy at first, but then you get hit hard later.

The key point is that he wasted all his hard work!
No one could stop Yongzheng from getting angry. Hongli also understood his father's temper and said:
"Khan Ama, seeing is believing and hearing is false?

"Since ancient times, there have been countless cases where a new emperor ascended the throne as a temporary measure. I, your son, may have a secret that I cannot tell you!"

As he said this, Hongli kowtowed.

Yongzheng looked at him sullenly.

He hesitated.

He knew how those people in the government and the opposition dealt with him, and that was why he hesitated.

"Then I'll see what you have to hide."

Hongli kowtowed without saying anything.

I leave everything to you!

My future self!

……

On the canopy.

The perspective zooms out from the vast territory of the Qing Dynasty to the south.

Then, colorful pieces of power divisions of varying sizes filled the screen.

……

[Many ethnic minorities live in Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, and their neighboring Hunan, Hubei, and Sichuan.]

[Because the geographical environment of these places is mostly flat on the periphery but steep and mountainous in the middle, the economy is backward, the production methods are different, and the relationship with the Central Plains court varies. ]

[Since the Yuan and Ming dynasties, these places have implemented the Tusi system, which governs each ethnic group. Their succession is hereditary, but it requires the approval of the court.]

[The chieftains collected taxes and labor service on their own and only paid a small amount of silver as tribute to the imperial court.]

[The chieftains made their own written and unwritten laws, and had the power to kill or take away the people of their subjects. The imperial court did not interfere. What was implemented here was the chieftains' will, not the imperial court's policy.]

[There are also some places where there are no Tusi recognized by the imperial court, and they are only ruled by the head of the tribe. This can be said to be a Tushe system. But they are often controlled by the Tusi in the neighborhood.]

[Tusi and Tushe were "separatists" of varying sizes, which led to a contradiction between the imperial court's desire to strengthen its rule over their jurisdiction and their desire to maintain the old system.]

……

Great Song.

Zhao Kuangyin pondered for a while and said suddenly:
"Isn't this a variation of the Tang Dynasty's jimi?"

The system of native officials and chieftains was implemented, and the contradictions within them were used to make them check and balance each other.

It not only achieved effective regulation of the governed areas in general, but also granted the chieftains certain legitimacy in utilizing local resources, while at the same time exercising the power to reclaim their right to possess the resources.

It can reduce the situation where barbarian leaders monopolize resources or fight endlessly for resources. It can also avoid bringing disaster to oneself.

The problem is, it's out of reach.

……

【Since the Ming Dynasty, the imperial court abolished the hereditary system of chieftains in areas where conditions were ripe, set up local governments such as prefectures, halls, states, and counties, and sent officials who were replaced for a certain period of time to govern. This is called the reform of chieftains. 】

【But the effect is not significant. 】

[Because the chieftains gradually mastered the methods of dealing with the imperial court, they usually enriched themselves by collecting more taxes. When conditions were right, they gradually became more powerful, and even used the local troops they controlled to split and establish their own regimes.]

[The court allowed the chieftains to continue using traditional management methods, which objectively protected the backward society and its old customs, and made it difficult for the Yi people under the chieftains to receive protection from the state's legal system.]

[As these places continued to develop, the conservative and backward aspects of the Tusi system became increasingly apparent.]

[For example, in the early Qing Dynasty, Tusi imposed servitude on their subjects at will, and the taxation was "four small levies a year and one large levy every three years. Small levies were calculated in money, and large levies were calculated in taels."]

【But they plundered much more than they paid tribute to the court. 】

[For example, in the early years of the Yongzheng reign, Dao Han, the local governor of Zhenyuan, Yunnan, paid an annual tribute of 36 taels of silver and 100 dan of rice, but he collected 2,438 taels of silver and 1,210 dan of rice from the local people, which was dozens of times more than the tribute.]

[At the same time, the chieftains killed their subjects at will, and from the families of those who violated their laws and were killed, they had to collect silver ranging from 60, 40, or 24 taels, which was called "silver to pay the knife"]

[Lan Dingyuan, who lived during the Kangxi and Yongzheng periods, said that the subjects treated the chieftains "without the courtesy of officials and common people, but with the status of eternal slaves, and their children and property were not their own"]

……

{I feel that Tusi is a special kind of gentry clan. The imperial power cannot be extended to the county level in the Central Plains, let alone in remote areas. As long as Tusi does not do things on their own, like She'an, the central government should still focus on retaining and utilizing them.}
{According to my friend, his grandfather was a native of Guangxi. That generation came down from the mountains because the landlords were beaten and the land was divided. Because the flat land that could be used for farming belonged to the landlords, people without land were forced to go to the hillsides of the mountains to cultivate the land. Tusi were landlords who used violent organizations to plunder resources.}
{According to him, there was a Tusi city in his hometown of Lichuan, which was built on a mountain and was easy to defend but difficult to attack.}
{Regions with harsh natural environments and inconvenient transportation can only give birth to and are only suitable for low-level social forms without external interference, just like only more primitive life can survive in harsh environments in nature.}
……

Qing Dynasty, Kangxi Period
Kangxi's eyelids twitched.

Fight the landlords? Divide the land?
Is this the second Li Zicheng?

Did the Qing Dynasty fall in the same way as the Ming Dynasty?
……

Qing Dynasty and Qianlong period
Qianlong was quite interested in the last sentence.

He thought about the development history of his own dynasty.

"It does make some sense."

Then he fell into deep thought again.

If we apply this sentence to the whole world, will it be applicable?
He thought of what was happening in overseas countries.

Britain is not a big country, but it wants to enter into trade with China...

Did they find a backward place to reduce trade costs?

Qianlong subconsciously closed the fan in his hand.

……

[The chieftains fought each other for land, people and livestock, and the feud lasted for years, and they were enemies for generations.]

[For example, Wang Shangshi, the chieftain of Gulong in Xilong Prefecture, Guangxi, and Ajiu, the chieftain of Pengsuo in Pu'an Prefecture, Guizhou, fought for the villages of Wairan, Wushe, Bali, and Lujie for many years.]

[In the second year of Yongzheng's reign (1724), the case was reported to the government. Because the case involved two provinces, local officials passed the buck to each other, and the case had not been tried until the fourth year (1726).]

[Another example is the various local tribes in Yongshun, Hunan, who killed each other in the first year of the Yongzheng reign.]

[In the Ming Dynasty, Tusi launched wars against the imperial court. Although this did not happen in the Qing Dynasty, Tusi and Tushe often went to neighboring counties to rob and massacre Han people.]

[So a double contradiction emerged. The chieftains’ subjects were in opposition to the Han people. The subjects often formed groups to harass the Han people. Some took advantage of the situation at night to burn houses and kill people. However, they were afraid of the Han people. Once they left the village, they were afraid of being killed by the Han people.]

[There were many conflicts between the Tusi and the local government. Some Han people committed crimes and fled to the Tusi for protection. The county officials could only get them by "buying them with money", which undermined the judicial power of the local government.]

[Some local officials bullied Tusi for no reason. Tusi succession required the approval of county officials. Some county officials took the opportunity to extort money, otherwise they would make things difficult for them.]

[Some chieftains gave gifts to county officials. If their superiors knew about it, the county officials would accuse the chieftains of bribery. If they did not give gifts, "they would accuse them of being arrogant and pick up trivial matters to report to their superiors", so that the chieftains would be criticized.]

[Some local officials demanded money from the chieftains, causing them to not dare to go to the prefectures or counties for fear of being detained and extorted.]

[These ills brought disaster to the native and Han people, and the imperial court's policies could not be implemented uniformly. At the same time, they also led to the corruption of local officials.]

[During the Yongzheng period, the drawbacks of the Tusi system had been exposed, and the local people had a strong desire to break away from the Tusi rule. Some entire villages left the Tusi and Tushe and petitioned to be under the jurisdiction of the local government. The Han people were also concerned about such things.]

……

Ming Dynasty and Xuande period
Zhu Zhanji held the heater in his hand, deep in thought.

Although the縻治策 was different from the native official and chieftain system, their core ideas were similar, and the practices of the two could be called "縻治".

"To control the barbarians is like to tame cattle and horses."

The policy of controlling and governing by controlling others originated in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. After the Qin Dynasty, it gradually became a border control policy used by the Central Plains dynasties in their border areas and beyond.

It has lasted for thousands of years and has had a wide and far-reaching impact.

The differences between the native official and chieftain system and the control policy are mainly reflected in the management philosophy, basic strategy, scope of implementation and effectiveness.

The formation and improvement of the native official and chieftain system is not only a product of the changing times, but also has something to do with governance perspectives and behavioral patterns.

Zhu Zhanji stroked the patterns on the stove and murmured thoughtfully:

"Era, development, choice..."

……

In the second year of Yongzheng's reign (1724), Lan Dingyuan, a member of the imperial court, proposed a method to deprive chieftains of their power: according to the severity of their crimes, the number of villages they were in would be reduced, which was similar to the punishment of deducting salaries and demoting officials.

[If the crime is serious, the chieftainship will be taken away from him and the area will be governed by a temporary official.]

[If it is not convenient to change the chieftain system to civilians, the evil chieftain will be eliminated and his territory will be distributed to his sons and daughters, so that the chieftains can be established among the people and their power can be divided.]

In the fourth year of Yongzheng's reign (1726), Ortai, the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, also suggested changing the system of chieftains to civilians, using mobile officials to govern the Miao area, replacing the hereditary chieftains. Yongzheng followed his suggestion.

[In terms of the method of changing the order, except for some cases in Yunnan and Guizhou provinces where the chieftains were dismissed by threatening with force and other charges, most of the cases were resolved through war.]

[In fact, it was this aggressive and large-scale use of troops that worked.]

[The local people "fought to prepare food and ask for soldiers", asking the government troops to help them overthrow the local cruel houses. ]

[Driven by this wave of public opinion, the reform of the aboriginal system and the establishment of official systems were all carried out smoothly in various places. ]

[In addition to Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi, the provinces that have changed their watercourses in the southwest include Hubei, Hunan, and Sichuan, which border them.]

[Hunan, Hubei and Sichuan are relatively close to the inland areas, have more contact with local governments, have close contacts with Han people and native people, and the power of Tusi and Tushe is also small. The huge momentum of the reform and establishment of Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi has caused a severe impact on them.]

[Under this strong internal and external pressure, the chieftains successively submitted petitions to hand over their hereditary seals and give up their territories.]

[The chieftains and their families were relocated from the southwest to the interior, especially in Anhui, Jiangsu, and Jiangxi. Yongzheng asked the governors and governors-general of various places to take good care of them and allocate houses and land to them in a timely manner, but they were not allowed to sneak back to their hometowns.]

[In the 1731th year of Yongzheng's reign (1735), seeing that the reform was in progress, Ortai was summoned to Beijing to serve as a Grand Secretary of the Wuying Palace. The reform was still in progress until the th year of Yongzheng's reign ()]

【After ten years of unremitting efforts, the reform of the native system and the establishment of official systems in six southwestern provinces, including Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei and Sichuan, were basically realized. 】

[This reform of the native system lasted a long time, involved a wide range of regions, was thorough, and had far-reaching impacts, all of which were unprecedented in the Ming and Qing dynasties and even in history.]

[It not only abolished hereditary chieftains and their houses politically and consolidated the southwestern frontier, but also accompanied a series of economic and cultural measures to develop the southwest, including building water conservancy projects, developing transportation, setting up schools, and implementing the imperial examination system.]

[Although there are many shortcomings and flaws in this process, the policy of changing the land system to a commoner system is still a great reform.]

【This movement of reforming the natives and returning them to the Han Chinese also helped to bring the southwestern border areas into the interior of China, making them part of the Chinese mainland.】

This chapter should be a prelude to introduce "Da Yi Jue Mi Lu"

I am not interested in any debate in "Da Yi Jue Mi Lu".

The only thing I am interested in is the thoughts and ideas revealed by Yongzheng in it.

And this kind of thought and idea was the root motivation for him to carry out the policy of reforming the natives and returning them to the mainstream.

It is also the fundamental difference between him and other Qing emperors.



(End of this chapter)