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Just like confirming that Ying Zheng is an eternal king, Ji Qing also confirmed another fact, that is, the Great Qin Dynasty, more than 2000 years ago from his era, was a state of public ownership. 26nbsp;

That's right, the people of Daqin more than 2000 years ago lived in a public ownership society and lived a socialist life.If the productivity is higher, I am afraid that it will be an independent society.

While chatting with Ying Zheng, Ji Qing knew all of this. After returning to Xianyang with Ji Qing, what he saw and heard showed that Daqin is a socialist country.

powerful!

Very strong!

Ji Qing couldn't help admiring, couldn't help admiring!

Many facts can prove this point!

The reform of Shang Yang implemented the policy of "Ming Zun and the ranks of the nobles, each named the land and house according to the difference, and the clothes of the concubines and the family". The house cannot be kept.Therefore, "Gan Luo was named as a superior, and then he was bestowed with Shi Gan Maotian House."Gan Luo is the grandson of the former Prime Minister Gan Mao. If the house is privately owned, why should the court give it back? It can be seen that Gan Mao was slandered and went abroad, and his house was taken back by the state.It can be said that the essence of the reform of the land system implemented by Shang Yang is the nationalization of land, not privatization.

"Qin Bamboo Bills of Law" said: Forbidden Garden "Its near-field fears that beasts, horses and cattle will produce food, and the county's stingy people will have fields next to them. Since Qin allocated land and houses according to the ranks of officials and ranks, and peasants granted land, then there was a distinction between "high and low" among "those who have land next to them", and naturally there was a difference between "less land and more land".Many people regard this statute as evidence of the existence of private land in Qin, and the argument is not rigorous.

"Shang Junshu · Territory" stipulates: Sergeants "who can win the first rank, will be rewarded with a rank of nobility, benefit one hectare of land, benefit nine acres of houses, and get rid of one concubine, and they will be the officers of soldiers and officers."One hectare of Yitian is the number of granted fields.That is to say, soldiers with military merits can be awarded twice as much land, and a "bastard" who is not a noble commoner will be sent to assist in farming.Such a field of military merit must be "reaped by death". "Qin Law Miscellaneous Copy" stipulates: "If the death in battle does not happen, it will be discussed later."Only when the father dies in battle for the country can the son inherit his father's military exploits.If "the undead is checked later, the queen is seized, and the army is removed; the undead returns, and they are regarded as ministers."It can be seen that the succession of sons to fathers is strictly controlled, and the punishment for violators is extremely severe, and they may even be reduced to slaves.It also shows that the father's military merits and titles are not hereditary that the son can casually inherit, it is still state-owned land.

There is no law in the Qin bamboo slips that allows land sales and hereditary inheritance, which shows that the state does not recognize private ownership of land. There is a case in "Sealing and Diagnosis", which sealed up the family property of a Lishi Wujia, including "room, wife, son, concubine, clothes, and livestock", and then recorded them in detail, down to "a male dog". " and other private properties, but one of them is that there is no land, which is the best proof.Therefore, it is impossible for General Wang Jian to obtain land by buying and selling, but he can only ask the King of Qin for the land on the eve of the battle, and "ask the fields and houses as the property of his descendants."That is to say, he asked for permission to be granted the hereditary privilege of land, but was still politely refused by King Qin.

What is Mingjun, this is Mingjun, Yingzheng in history can be said to be great.All the grand events of Kangxi and Shiquan, the old man Shiquan, are all bullshit.

Before and after the unification of the Qin Dynasty, large numbers of powerful people and people were often forced to relocate, such as "in the 26th year of the first emperor, 12 households moved to Xianyang".This kind of record is by no means an isolated phenomenon, and it can even more strongly prove that the Qin State has no concept of private ownership of land, and the state can relocate people at will.Otherwise, it is hard to imagine that the country can migrate the rich and the people so frequently and on a large scale.

The measure of "restricting farmland" in Shang Yang's reform actually has the nature of land granting by the state.The Qin State generally implemented the land grant system, which can be seen from the Qin bamboo slips. "Field Law" stipulates: "If you enter a hectare of grass and rice, based on the number of fields you receive, there will be no reclamation, and there will be three stones for the grass, and two stones for the grass." "Legal Questions and Answers" said: "The minister hides the land of the people, and the people don't know it. It's not appropriate to say it? The minister is hiding the land, and what is it? I have rented the people, but it is a hidden land; if I haven't rented it, it doesn't matter. Nada".At that time, when the state unified land rent and taxation, the so-called "renting to the people" should also mean granting land to the people and collecting rent and taxes.Its "buzuo" is the assistant of the township department, and it was called "Xiangzuo" in the Han Dynasty. "Continued Han Shu Baiguan Zhi" says: "There is also a township assistant, who belongs to the township, governs the people, and collects taxes."That is, the so-called "rank of fighting food" at that time.The fact that the state allows such low-level officials to be in charge of the land lease authorization clearly shows the prevalence of the land grant system.The widespread implementation of the land grant system proved indisputably the dominant position of the state land ownership system.Yuan Lin said: "In the Warring States period, especially after Shang Yang's reform, the basic land system of Qin State was the land grant system, and this system continued until Qin Shihuang unified the six kingdoms."

The law of the field stipulates that when the crops grow and it rains in time, and the grain heads, the officials in charge of agriculture in the county should promptly report to the imperial court in writing the area of ​​the land that has been rained and the ears have been headed, and the number of hectares of land that has been reclaimed but has not yet been cultivated.In case of drought, storm, waterlogging, locusts, and other natural disasters, detailed written reports should be submitted to the imperial court.Around the aforementioned Forbidden Garden, the county magistrate was required to arrange manpower to repair the fence to prevent cattle and horses from coming out to spoil the crops and so on.It all shows that if the state land ownership system were not dominant, the imperial court would not impose such meticulous legal constraints on grassroots officials in terms of agricultural management.

Qin not only granted most of the land to farmers for farming, but also a considerable part of the land was directly cultivated by state slaves. "Cang Law" stipulates: "Those who are in charge of the fields will be given two and a half stones in February, and half a stone will be used until the end of September."From February to September is the busy season of farming, so the ration per person is increased by half a stone.The Cang Law also stipulated in detail the amount of seeds used per acre of land to prevent officials in charge of warehouses from embezzling crops, and to prevent slaves from wasting or eating crops.

According to the "Law of the Stables", we can see that the country still has many directly affiliated pastures with large areas: Taishang, Zhongshang, Gongshang and so on.A large number of public cattle and horses are raised, including a considerable number of farming cattle. "Use April, July, October, and the first month to skin field cattle."There is a competition for farming cattle, rewards are given to those with excellent grades, punishments are given to those with poor grades, and cattle are even used to plow the fields. If the waistline of the cattle loses weight, the person in charge will be whipped ten times for every inch lost.There is only one answer to why the country attaches so much importance to the protection of farming cattle: because there are large tracts of national land that need these cattle to cultivate, if the number of farming cattle decreases or their physique weakens, it will directly affect the country's agricultural harvest.

At the same time, the country also has specialized personnel "herding horses and cattle" who nomadicly graze among several counties or larger areas. "The Law of Stables" requires: "If the horses and cattle are herded, and the horses and cattle are dead, they should visit the county where they died, and the county will diagnose them urgently."That is to say, wherever the nomads go, if cattle and horses die, they should report to the county where they live, and then the county will verify and hand them over.This state-managed nomadic production method is impossible in areas with a lot of private land, and production can only be carried out under the conditions of basically belonging to the state land ownership.

In addition, the state-owned gardens and gardens dedicated to hunting and entertainment for the rulers also occupy a vast territory that is unimaginable for future generations. "The Law of the Corvette" says: "Fushan, the forbidden garden in the county, is a distant mountain. The soil is evil and cannot be rained. If there is damage in summer, don't repair it a little bit. When there is no rain in autumn, use corvettes for it."This kind of forbidden garden, which includes far and near mountains, needs corvettes to be repaired, which shows its vast area.And Qin Shihuang even built a garden. "The Wei River is diverted into a long pond, [-] miles from east to west, and [-] miles from north to south."It is also repeated that "Guangqi Palace, with a scale of more than three hundred miles, is separated from the palace, Mishan crosses the valley,... the top of the Nanshan Mountain is regarded as a que, and the network of Fanchuan is regarded as a pond."The Shanglin Garden in Weinan, which was built, occupies a considerable area, and Qin Shihuang "tasted to discuss Yu Dayuan, reaching Hangu Pass in the east and Yong and Chencang in the west".If Qin promoted or recognized private ownership of land, it would be difficult to build the above-mentioned separate palaces and gardens, and Qin Shihuang's idea of ​​expanding the garden would become a dream.In other words, the above-mentioned things are realistic and possible only on the basis of state ownership of land. . .

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