The Four Steps to the Sky

Aristotle's practical means ethics and politics—that is, politics, while imaginable science means the study of poetry and other fine arts, and theoretical means the study of physics, mathematics, and metaphysics. Research.

Regarding metaphysics and philosophy, Aristotle defined it as the cognition of physical things, and called it first philosophy, theoretical science, or things at the highest level of abstraction.

Logic (or analysis) is regarded by Aristotle as the basic stage of learning philosophy, and therefore Aristotle's philosophy can be divided into:

Theoretical sciences (mathematics, natural sciences and first philosophy later called metaphysics)

The practical sciences (ethics, politics, economics, strategy, and rhetoric)[

The science of creation, the poetics.

Aristotle's

Formal cause can tell us what definition, form, shape, essence, synthesis, or original shape a thing is made of, and explains the basic principles or laws that constitute a thing.This is just one part (the macrostructure) of the whole thing (the whole set of causal relationships).For example, the draft or blueprint for sculpting a marble statue is its formal cause.

Dynamic cause refers to the motivation and cause of changing things, researching what changes what, and what causes this change, the scope includes all media between things, including life or life, the origin of power or changed things.For example, the artist who carves marble into a statue is the motive force.

The final cause refers to the reason for the existence of a thing, or the reason for change, including purposeful actions and activities.The final cause of a thing is the reason why it exists, or the reason why it changes.This also explains modern so-called psychological motivation, including will, need, motivation, rationality, irrationality, ethics, all of which are the source of creative behavior.For example, a finished marble statue is the artist's final cause (teleology).

In addition, things can affect each other and cause changes in results. For example, hard work can lead to a better life, or vice versa. Although there is no same cause process or function, one thing is the beginning of a whole set of causality , and another thing is the result.

Aristotle originally proposed a set of interactive or circular causal relationships, explaining how the interaction of things affects each other.But Aristotle also pointed out that the same thing can be used to produce the opposite effect, and the presence or absence of a thing in the causal relationship also affects the effect.

Aristotle pointed out two models of causal relations: traditional (existing) causal relations, and accidental (changed) causal relations.

This can also be applied to the effects of causal relations, general effects can be classified as general causes, specific effects can be classified as specific causes, and the effects of actions can be classified as actual causes.

In essence, the causal relationship does not mean that there must be a temporal interaction between the cause and the effect.

A further study of causal relations divides causes into appropriate classes, such as purpose over dynamics over matter over form (Thomas Aquinas), or restricts all causal relationships to interactions between material and dynamic causes, or Is it only dynamic causes (determinism or chance), or is it limited to a series and sequence of natural phenomena interacting (natural science explains how things happen, not why they happen and what happens after they happen). (To be continued. If you like this work, you are welcome to come to the starting point to vote, monthly pass, your support is my biggest motivation. Mobile phone users, please go to read.)