Super top students: the most efficient learning method for top students

Chapter 37 Let the pen in your hand blossom into brilliant flowers (1)
Persist in keeping a diary to record the steps of growth

There is such a report that at a meeting between college graduates and employers, a magazine received more than 20 self-recommended letters and related materials, including works published by students during their school days. Yes, there are 13 self-recommended letters and the content of the works are roughly the same.

After investigation by the employer, it was found that these self-recommended books, materials, and works were all written by one person.After being surprised, I was a little puzzled: what happened to the current proud son?I can't even write the most basic self-introduction.

It is also reported that in universities, many graduation thesis are not written by the students themselves, they are either hired as ghostwriters or transcribed off-the-shelf.Can't write a leave note, can't write a cover letter, can't write a notice... Such phenomena are not uncommon nowadays.Young people's writing ability is very lacking.It is a very urgent matter to improve the writing level, especially the written expression ability of teenagers.

To improve the ability of written expression, we must develop a habit of writing, often hands-on, often practice pen.Keeping a diary has become a convenient and efficient way to cultivate writing habits because of its randomness, freedom, and ease.

A diary is a person's random record, and life, study, and work situations can all be written in a diary.If you start keeping a diary when you can write and make sentences, and persist until you enter the society, it will be a huge wealth in your life.Generally, those who are excellent in study and successful in career have the habit of keeping a diary.

Mr. Wei Shusheng, a famous contemporary educator in my country, said: "In the past 19 years, I have suggested to teachers and classmates to keep diaries more than a thousand times at the conference. Why do I always suggest this? Because myself and my students never write diaries. benefits in many ways.”

Teacher Wei believes that insisting on keeping a diary has the following advantages:
First, the diary enables us to remember the important things we have done, the people we have met, the things we have used, and the lessons we have learned;

Second, writing a diary is conducive to changing oneself and surpassing oneself;
Third, writing a diary can temper one's will;
Fourth, keeping a diary can improve the ability to analyze and recognize problems;

Fifth, keeping a diary can accumulate materials and improve writing skills.Teacher Wei also called insisting on keeping a diary a moral long-distance race. He said: "Even if you are bored, after venting to the diary and reading it again, the original anger and sullenness will disappear unconsciously. Therefore, I always follow my classmates. It is said that insisting on keeping a diary is insisting on the long-distance running of morality, making it easy to make friends with noble morals, and making people seek truth, be kind, and love beauty in their hearts.”

Since keeping a diary has so many functions and benefits, why don't we do it?

So, how can you write a good diary?
1. Understand the content of the diary

Diary, as the name implies, is to write down what you have experienced and your feelings, people you have met and their impressions, articles you have learned and your experience, activities you have participated in and their inspirations, items you have used and their evaluations every day. , Observing the feelings generated by the society, the joys, sorrows, sorrows and joys in study and life, etc., and record them concisely.

2. Events must be real and content must be selected
The events recorded must be true, and only true records can reflect problems and laws; the content of events recorded must be selective and not too complicated.Among the many things that can be remembered, selectively remember one or two, and don't force your feelings about the event.

3. Understand the structure of the journal

The structure of the diary is generally divided into two parts: the first part writes the time (×year×month×day), location (where to write), weather (sunny, cloudy, rainy); the second part writes the content of the diary.In terms of diary writing, it is generally based on "narrative", but it can also be "discussion", "explanation", "description", "lyric", or "narrative first and then discussion", or several kinds of diaries. Both ways of expression.Because the diary is mainly written for yourself, it can be eclectic in form, and you can write freely and casually.If it is a "propositional" diary.The format is similar to writing an essay, that is, first write the topic, then write the time, place, weather, and finally write the content.You can also write the time and place after the content, similar to the format of writing a letter.

4. From less to more, gradually improve
Some students said: "Writing a diary has many benefits, but I don't know how to write it. What should I do?" Teacher Wei Shusheng said: "It is guaranteed that everyone can write, and the students who are the last to learn can also write." Teacher Wei's experience Yes: At the beginning, there are not many requirements for the less advanced students. If you can write more, write more. If you can’t, just write the year, month, and day of the day. As for the content, just write one sentence.

Excerpt notes, source of creative inspiration
In the face of a large number of books, newspapers, and magazines, what kind of reading is effective?The answer is: excerpts.No book, magazine, or article can be worth every word and every sentence is a classic. Some of the contents are valuable, while others may not be of much value.For the former, we should extract and collect them in the process of reading, so that we can study and master them more deeply and comprehensively.If we can extract the essence of it every time we read, then we will have a valuable wealth over time, which can be said to be a collection of treasures without impurities, which will have great impact on our future study and writing. help.

Excerpt is not only a good study habit, but also a scientific study method.It can not only enrich our knowledge, but also deepen our thinking, improve our learning ability, and play a huge role in improving students' grades and writing.A campus poet once said: "My original poems all come from my excerpts. It collects the most wonderful chants of countless masters in the poetry world from ancient to modern times."

There is a student who has always been afraid of writing essays. Under the guidance of the teacher, he read a lot of books and made a lot of excerpts at the same time. Every day, he carefully analyzed and savored the sentences and paragraphs excerpted that day, and tried to imitate writing.Later, some literary sentences appeared in his composition, and his writing level has been greatly improved.

So, how can you do a good job of extracting notes?You usually need to pay attention to the following five areas:
1. Select the right target, directional accumulation, and prevent blind excerpts
That is to say, according to one's own reality, the goal of future struggle, and the needs of a certain subject, etc., the relevant literature should be extracted purposefully.

Here, we must avoid random excerpts without a clear goal. Even though there are a lot of excerpts in the book, there are very few that can be really used. This will not only waste time and energy, but also affect the mood of the excerpts. micro.

2. Persevere, form a habit

As the saying goes: "One thread a day, ten years to weave satin." The excerpts are all accumulated bit by bit.The Soviet educator Makarenko once said: "Only if you keep memorizing and don't interrupt one day due to laziness, busyness and forgetting, such a 'notebook' can benefit you." If time is tight, just fish for three days and hang out on the net for two days, or just start from interest, remember when you are happy, and abandon when you are disappointed, so as to prevent the memorization from stopping.The accumulation of knowledge lies in our persistent efforts.

3. Read frequently, be good at using it, and avoid just picking it up and not using it
As the saying goes: "Pick without looking at a gust of wind, and pick without being empty." That is to say, only by reading and using frequently can you consolidate your memory and continuously turn the knowledge you have extracted into your own; , to learn more.

4. Do a good job of categorizing, easy to find and supplement
We often make excerpts, and after a long time, there will be 10,000+, 10,000+, or even millions of words of information.If these excerpts are not scientifically classified, they will become a messy pile of data.

So how to classify?This question should vary from person to person, and cannot be generalized or stereotyped.Here, the classification is mainly determined according to personal interests, learning content, and main direction of attack.

Generally speaking, it can be divided into several major categories first, and under each major category, it can be divided into several subcategories.Each sub-category is then arranged in chronological and stroke order.In this way, it is not only convenient to read and search, but also convenient to organize and supplement in the future.In this way, each category effectively becomes a database of thematic excerpts.

5. It is advisable to make card-style excerpts
Generally speaking, card-style excerpts are more appropriate between book-style and card-style excerpts.This is because: the card type is convenient for classification, easy to read, easy to supplement, easy to organize, easy to collect.

Only those who are diligent in excerpts can become knowledgeable and accomplished.We must cultivate our good habit of being good at extracting the key points and essence of knowledge.

You can't just extract for the sake of extracting. If you seldom review the extracted content, or even don't pay attention to it at all, the extracted things will become a pile of useless waste.The purpose of the excerpt is to turn the excerpted knowledge into one's own, so after the excerpt, it takes a lot of time to review and master it.

Classifying knowledge and collecting it into books is an important part of the abstract.Therefore, we must prepare a special book as an excerpt, and organize the knowledge we usually hear and learn in a special book, so that it will be clear at a glance.The excerpt should be kept well and the content should be complete.

Write an outline and design a blueprint for the composition
An outline is a product of the composition conception stage.Conception is the overall design of composition, without conception there is no composition.The idea expressed by words and symbols is the outline.For composition, an outline is both important and necessary.

When writing an essay, you have a lot to say and a lot of material to write. If you don’t make an outline in advance, but write whatever comes to mind, the structure of the essay you write is often loose and unclear.If you think about it in advance: which materials should be written first, which materials should be written later, which materials should be written in detail, and which materials can be simplified, and the article should be divided into several layers of meaning, how to connect the front and back, and make an outline in advance. Then it will be smoother to write, and it can often be done in one go and logically.

Therefore, writing an outline of a composition can help clarify your thoughts and consolidate your memory, so that you will not forget some of the content you were planning to write, avoid thinking about where to write, and you can write the composition in a focused and clear manner.

The outline is like the blueprint of the project and the plan of the battle, and it must be written to meet the requirements.

Some students often write "outlines" such as "(1) the beginning of the matter; (2) the process of the matter; (3) the result of the matter".This is too empty, it is of no use to the composition, and it cannot be regarded as an "outline".

There are also students who write the outline as the content summary of the article, which is too cumbersome and not good.Some students write the outline rigidly, bluntly, lacking in changes and features. Of course, such an outline is not a good outline, and it will seriously affect the quality of the composition.

How to write an outline to meet the requirements?
1. The outline should be relevant

For example, some students wrote the outline of "Say "Kung fu pays off to those with a heart"" as follows: (1) "Have a heart" means to have a clear purpose; (2) "Have a heart" means to have a correct method; (3) "Have a heart" "It means having a serious attitude and a creative spirit.After carefully reviewing the questions, you will know that this kind of outline is more relevant.

2. The outline should reflect the characteristics of the genre

If you want to write an argumentative essay, an explanatory essay, and a narrative essay with the title of "The Gate", then the outlines should reflect the characteristics of different genres.

Narrative outline:
First of all, there is a shabby little door in my uncle's house;

Later, there was a red-painted gate;
Now, in front of the new building is a mighty big iron gate.

Outline of the expository essay:

door has ancient history
- when did the door appear;

The door has a unique construction

——Consists of facade, door frame, door shaft, etc.
There are many types of doors
——Based on texture, there are metal doors and non-metal doors;
According to the function, there are multi-purpose doors and special doors;

According to the location, there are east gate, west gate, south gate and north gate;
Doors are developing in the direction of lightness, firmness, beauty and automation.

Argumentative essay outline:
We want to enter a good life and open the doors to a good life.

The door to knowledge, life, and society, good entry into the door:
Enter the door of knowledge well to gain knowledge;

Only when you enter the door of life well can you understand life;

Only by entering a good society can one become a good member of society.

The door of family, country, and thought, the door is guarded:
Keep the door of the house safe from wind and rain and thieves;
Guard the gate of the country to prevent the enemy from invading;

Keep a good thought gate to prevent corrosion and deterioration.

Work hard to be good, open the door of life well, and the ship of life can sail far.

3. Keep your outline concise

The outline should be detailed or omitted as needed.The details are not tedious and long-winded, and the omissions are not empty. No matter the details or omissions, we must strive to be concise and concise.For example, when a classmate wrote "Returning to School Ten Years Later", the outline was:
(1) In the publicity window, the moving deeds of previous alumni and good students in school are shown vividly and vividly.

(2) In the exhibition hall, the little Edisons' gizmos are full of strange things.

(3) The library has a collection of masterpieces, and there are no empty seats...

In fact, these outlines can be condensed into: ①The publicity window is full of vibrancy; ②Gizmos are full of things to see;

In addition, the outline should vary from person to person and from article to article. Don't turn the outline into a formula. Even articles of the same subject matter should not use the same format of outline.

For example, if you write an article about people and events, if you use the characters' portraits, language, actions, psychological activities, and detailed descriptions to "set" and make an outline, such an outline will not only fail to help you write the composition well, but will make it worse. Your composition is nondescript.The process of compiling an outline is a process of clarifying ideas. After the outline is written, it needs to be revised several times.

The outline can be made simpler or more detailed. Everyone has different habits, so there is no need to insist on the same.If there is a time limit for the composition, the outline can be written in a simpler way; if there is no time limit, the outline can be written in more detail.

(End of this chapter)