Baidu otaku as Chongzhen

Chapter 807 Latitude and longitude

Yang Reform listened casually to Shen Yongmao's explanation.

Yuan Chonghuan bombarded the Seto Inland Sea in Japan, and the work of recovering the compensation is in full swing. According to the news reported back, the war against Japan did not cost a lot. As expected, it was completely A war with investment prospects.

All the ministers held their breath and listened carefully to Shen Yongmao's explanation. No one came out to argue, and no one wanted to say anything. All of this is just as the emperor said, and it doesn't take a few minutes. There are not too many people who follow Yuan Chonghuan to fight in Japan, they don’t need to pay, and they will pay a large part of the things obtained in the war as license fees. This kind of thing, everyone will definitely do it before. I sneered, I would definitely think this was a dream, but the facts now completely overturned the world view of the ministers... This is true, there are many people who follow Yuan Chonghuan and listen to Yuan Chonghuan's orders. Only a name is given, and only the core warships and troops are supported, which can have the effect of smashing the Japanese country into a mess.

"Since I don't want to pay compensation, I'll go get it myself..." Yang Reform said absently. According to the results of contact with the Japanese, the Japanese are obviously unwilling to pay the astronomical amount of war indemnity. The rest, Needless to say, there is only one word, type.

The ministers continued to hold their breath, and no one came out to answer.Is it possible for Japan to pay tens of millions of taels of silver?This is daydreaming.The life and death of the Wa Kingdom has nothing to do with everyone, so why stand up and speak for the Wa Kingdom?Since the Imperial Association Army is so effective and the emperor's method of dealing with the Wa country is very effective, there is no need to stand up and say, what if the emperor asks himself to pay so much money?
……

Yang Reform was absent-minded and dismissed the Xiaochaoyi.The reason for his absent-mindedness was that Xu Xiake had arrived in the capital.It is time for the map and latitude and longitude that Yang Reform has been planning for.

Yang Reform believes that with this set of latitude and longitude, the safety of sea navigation will be greatly improved, and it will definitely have indescribable benefits for expansion.

Now that there are theories, there are also people who practice, the clocks and watches used to keep time are barely usable, and the human and financial resources can be supported without limit. The latitude and longitude set of things is actually ready to come out. But even if it is a rough version, it is definitely a big killer. The realization of the inner lake in the Pacific Ocean depends entirely on him.

"Huh..." Yang Reform took a deep breath. Although there are many restrictions on being an emperor, and it is even difficult to leave the capital. Once the prestige is gained, once the power of the entire empire can be used, many things will become easier, simpler, and easier, which is beyond the reach of other traversers and others.

……

"Your Majesty sees you..."

"Exemption..." Yang Reform said with a smile. This time, it was the people who met outside the small building. There were many people who came, including Sun Yuanhua, Li Tianjing, Song Yingxing, Tang Ruowang, some officials from the Li Bureau, and the most important Xu Xiake.

After everyone saluted, Yang Reform saw a "stranger" in the crowd at a glance.

"Xu Xiake?" Yang Reform shouted with a smile.Yang Reform did not arrange a separate meeting for Xu Xiake, but treated him as an old friend or courtier whom he already knew well.

Everyone's eyes followed the emperor's voice, but they saw Xu Xiake in a shirt.

"The students are here." Xu Xiake replied immediately with some panic and restraint.

"I like reading your travel notes very much, it's very well written!" Yang Reform said with a smile.

"Thank you, Your Majesty, for your compliment!" Xu Xiake replied very cautiously. When he came here, he was still wearing a thong shirt instead of an official uniform. In this palace, he looked a little dazzling.

"I am also surrounded by this imperial palace, otherwise, I would definitely have to walk around, hahaha..." Yang Reform said with a smile.

When the few people around heard it, they all thought it was a joke. It was not a good thing for the emperor to go out of the palace, and something would happen. Although the emperor said verbally that he wanted to go out, the emperor hadn't gone out until now. , don't worry too much.

"..." Xu Xiake was cautious again.

"...Xiake is from Jiangyin, right..." Yang Reform asked with a smile, and began to meet this famous geographer, traveler and explorer in history in front of his own people. It was both an interview and an introduction to him. To his own team, so that Xu Xiake can be integrated into his team in the shortest time, and clearly label Xu Xiake as his own.

"Reporting to Your Majesty, yes..." Xu Xiake replied in a restrained manner, and his heart was full of turmoil. He was a small man who didn't even have an official robe, but the emperor seemed to be with an old friend. Talking to him like a chat, this feeling is really unimaginable.

Yang Reform smiled and chatted with Xu Xiake for a while, and he did all the homework that should be done. Although this is boring, it is also a necessary process and cannot be omitted because of tediousness.

……

"Okay, Xiake can be regarded as my old acquaintance, so I won't talk about my birth status. It's really important to call everyone together today, so I'll just say it..." Yang reformed to himself, to here After getting acquainted with Xu Xiake, one of my own people directly talked about the business. For this kind of "old acquaintance" person who has never met before, Yang Reform is not at all hypocritical.

Everyone was also very surprised. The emperor must have never met Xu Xiake, but judging from the emperor's attitude, the emperor seemed to have known Xu Xiake for a long time. They speculated in their hearts. It seems that the emperor who was rumored to like to read travel notes written by Xu Xiake was Really, it seems that there is a correspondence between the emperor and Xu Xiake, and it is also true, otherwise, it is absolutely impossible to be so familiar with him for the first time, and to take another high look at Xu Xiake.

"Please show your Majesty..." Li Tianjing, who is the highest official here, said.

"A few days ago, I said that there is going to be a new survey and drawing of the map. Is there any progress?" Yang Reform asked.

"Reporting to Your Majesty..." Li Tianjing heard about this matter, and immediately stood up and replied, this matter was rumored in the court a while ago, it is not a big deal, Li Tianjing has already started to work on it He immediately explained his work to the emperor.

Yang Reform listened for a while, and kept nodding, as if he was listening seriously.

After Li Tianjing finished speaking, Yang Reform began to prepare to speak himself.

"...Although these are all good, but they still can't meet my requirements..." Yang Reform first gave such a comment. Li Tianjing drew the map according to the traditional method. Exquisite, but in Yang Reform's heart, he still couldn't meet the requirements, and even said that he was far from his own requirements.Yang Reform is going to get the big killer of longitude and latitude instead of ordinary maps. By judging the longitude and latitude and using a certain formula, he can calculate his location. This is undoubtedly a reassurance for ships sailing in the ocean. , a life-saving magic weapon, with him, the ocean will become smaller.

Li Tianjing looked at the emperor with an innocent face. He was really serious and doing things carefully. Unfortunately, the emperor didn't even give him a pertinent comment, and directly denied it.

"...Hehehe, the Qing family, don't look at me like this. What I said is true. It's not that the Qing family is not serious about their work, nor is it that the Qing family's drawings are not good, but...it really can't satisfy my needs. Demand..." Seeing Li Tianjing's aggrieved look, Yang Reform immediately explained with a smile.

"...Please make it clear, Your Majesty..." Li Tianjing was really wronged, he really worked hard, and the map he drew was indeed done according to the emperor's requirements, but why didn't he get a little bit of affirmation? ?This is really wronged.

"...The thing I want is to be used in the sea. I can use this thing to determine the position in the depths of the vast ocean, so as to solve the problem of not being able to locate myself in the depths of the ocean... It is more accurate... ..., I'm not saying that the Qing family can't do things well, but that my requirements are different..." Yang Reform said with a smile.

As soon as Yang Reform's words came out of his mouth, everyone was surprised.

"...Your Majesty means that you want to study geography overseas? Build a map for overseas?" Sun Yuanhua was the first to wake up.The emperor has always done things "outrageous", and likes to make decisions before acting. He has bizarre behaviors such as establishing a "hukou" for the Eastern Captives.

After Sun Yuanhua said this, everyone came to their senses.

"That's right. Things at sea are becoming more and more important now, and I'm planning to immigrate overseas on a large scale. Naturally, I have to get a map first. They say that we should at least have a map, right?" Yang said. Reform said with a smile.Yang is in a good mood for reforming. The work of latitude and longitude surveying and world map surveying can only be done well with the support of an empire. Individuals, an organization, and a small country are destined to be unable to accomplish these things. The power of an empire to do such "basic" things is exactly what an empire should do, and it is also a sign of the maturity of an empire.

Li Tianjing was at a loss for words for a long time. Previously, the emperor could talk about surveying and mapping the geographical mountains and rivers of Ming Dynasty, but he didn’t say that he also surveyed and mapped overseas. Thinking of mapping the entire world, Li Tianjing was already frightened by the workload. Thinking of the location and proportion of the Ming Dynasty on the globe, Li Tianjing's eyes began to straighten, his whole body began to soften, and his brain began to falter. Dazed.

"...In addition to surveying and drawing maps, there is another thing, which is to determine your own position. I think this is as important as maps. I think everyone knows that on the vast sea, there is no reference. Determine where you are, if your route deviates a little, there may be a catastrophe, if you can accurately determine where you are, you must have no fear of the sea, and you can go wherever you want... The importance of food and grass before the soldiers and horses are moved, I think you can understand the importance of this matter..." Yang Reform said.

Everyone looked at the emperor in amazement. Needless to say, it is obvious that the emperor is preparing for the expansion of the sea in the future. Now this matter is likely to happen in ten, twenty, or even decades. As a result, at that time, it happened to be the critical time for Daming to go to Nanyang and the West, and at that time, everything will come to fruition...

"Dare to ask Your Majesty, how can this be achieved? This is almost impossible! If on land, there are mountains and rivers as a reference, and local people can ask questions, but on this vast sea, there is nothing but sea water, so what? To judge?" Li Tianjing asked, this topic was presented for the first time, and Li Tianjing was in a daze.

"I've been thinking about this matter for a while, and I have some immature thoughts. Come with me..." Yang Reform looked at the sky and said with a smile.The so-called longitude and latitude positioning method is actually not a very advanced thing, and the basic principle has actually been around a long time ago.

……

Yang Reform led the crowd to an open area.

There is no shelter from the shade of the trees here, and the scorching sun immediately shines on people.The open ground is paved with cement all around, which looks very clean and smooth.In the middle of the open ground, a stick was erected. The sun shone on the stick, and the shadow of the stick dragged on the ground.

"Everyone, have you seen this thing before?" Yang Reform asked with a smile.

"Reporting to Your Majesty, I understand that this is something used to measure the season, and it is also in the Qin Tianjian..." Li Tianjing said immediately.This kind of thing that relies on the shadow of the sun to determine the season is not a very profound thing, and Li Tianjing recognized it at a glance.

"Yes, I have also read some things about astronomy and calendar. If I am not wrong, if the shortest shadow of this stick at noon is the same length as this stick, then the top of this stick and this stick form a right-angled equilateral triangle between the vertices of the shadow, right?"

"Report to Your Majesty, yes..." Li Tianjing said immediately.

"If you take this place as a starting point and set up another stick of the same length two hundred miles to the south within the same time period, tell me, will the shadow of that stick be as long as the shadow of this stick? " Yang Reform asked.

There was a little silence.

"...Two hundred miles is too short, what if it is two thousand miles? What will happen to the shadow of this stick?" Seeing that no one spoke to him for a while, Yang Reform asked again.

"...Reporting to Your Majesty, at the same time, the shadows of the two sticks will definitely not be the same length..." Li Tianjing replied immediately.

"Then within the same hour, only the distance between the north and the south has changed, and the shadow has also changed accordingly. Is there some kind of necessary connection between the distance between the sticks and the gap between the shadows? Is there a certain ratio?" Yang Reform asked.Yang Reform didn't intend to thoroughly understand how to get the latitude and longitude. He only planned to give a direction, and left the rest to these people to study by themselves.According to what Yang Reform knows, such basic and basic things in science often require years of hard work by researchers to produce results. This kind of thing needs to endure loneliness and hardship, so it is not suitable for Now that Yang Reform is doing it, Yang Reform is also very self-aware, and does not intend to "preempt" the invention of longitude and latitude.Leave it to those who work for it.

"...Reporting to Your Majesty, there should be some kind of connection. At the same time, if the north and south are on the same line, the distance between the shadows of the two sticks and the distance between the sticks must be in a certain proportion. Your Majesty means that you know With this ratio, can we deduce the distance from other places to this stick? That is to say, the map can be very accurate?" Li Tianjing indeed has a deep knowledge of astronomy, and he quickly understood it.

"...Yes, that's how I understand it..." Yang Reform said.After speaking, he went to another place.

Here, there is a globe, which is a relatively large one.On the above, according to the standard of "Kun Yu Wan Guo Quan Tu", it is very clear, and it already roughly looks like a world map, although it is not very accurate.

Under the sun, the globe looks a little weird.Yang Reform flicked the globe, and the globe immediately rotated along its axis, making a sound.

"...Look again, everyone, now that the sun shines on this globe, it's like the sun shines on this world. It can only shine on one side forever, isn't it?" Yang Reform asked.

"...Reporting to Your Majesty, yes..." Li Tianjing took the lead in answering again, frowning.

"Just now, I was talking about the measurement of the distance between north and south. Similarly, at the same moment, such as now, the shadows of the sticks on this globe must be different, with different lengths and different orientations. Right?" Yang Reform said while turning the huge globe.On this huge globe, there are several protruding sticks inlaid, and the positions of these small sticks are not very uniform.Yang Reform turned a small stick in the middle to face the sun directly.The shadow of this small stick overlaps with the stick itself, and no shadow can be seen at all, while the other protruding sticks around have shadows of different lengths and directions.

"...Look again, if you find the same stick at the same time, because the position is different, the length of the stick's shadow is different, and the direction is different, isn't it?" Yang Reform asked.

"Report to Your Majesty, yes..." After a while, Li Tianjing replied.

"...Then let's see if I turn this globe, will all the shadows change accordingly?" Yang Reform asked again.

"Report to Your Majesty, yes..." Li Tianjing replied again.

"...So, I think that with the change of time, the change of the stick's shadow is fixed and there is a rule to follow, which should explain one thing, that is, at the same time, the stick can The length and direction of the shadow are used to determine your own position..." Yang Reform made a conclusion.

"Your Majesty means..." The people headed by Li Tianjing were puzzled.What is the emperor going to do?

"...Let's put it this way, it may be helpful for you to understand. You see, this is the earth we live in..." Yang Reform flipped the globe and said.

Everyone is silent, this thing, now almost everyone in the officialdom of Ming Dynasty has one, if you don't put one in your office, it is definitely outdated and can't keep up with the situation, so no one expresses this surprise.

"...Look, does the sun exist forever? It shines on the ball year after year?" Yang Reform asked?

"...Reporting to Your Majesty, yes..." Li Tianjing replied, it seems that there is no need to think too much about this question, where is the fact, if there is no sun, the earth will be completely dark.

"...Let's look again, does this ball rotate day after day, year after year? Does it have a fixed 360 five days every year? Does it change?" Yang Reform asked.

"Reporting to Your Majesty, the four seasons of the year are indeed year after year. Since ancient times, there has been almost no change. Although the weather is different every year, the solar terms of these four seasons have never changed..." Li Tianjing replied firmly Dao, as he has a deep knowledge of astronomy and calendars, he certainly understands this truth. The immutability of many things is an important condition for the creation of calendars. If the sun rotates differently every year, the earth does not repeat itself year after year. , the calendar is simply out of the question.

"...Very well, since the sun and the earth are revolving day after day, year after year, the shadow on the earth...for example, the length and direction of the shadow of the stick, There are 360 ​​five days in a year, twelve hours in a day, and one hour is divided into eight quarters. If the changes of each minute, each moment, each hour, each day, and each month are recorded,...you guess, Next year, will these shadows overlap with this year's?" Yang Reform asked.

"...This..." Everyone, including Li Tianjing, became puzzled.

Seeing that everyone was puzzled, Yang Reform moved the globe vigorously with his hand, and the globe started to rotate immediately. Yang Reform pointed at the globe with a smile.As the globe rotates, the shadow of the little stick on it keeps getting longer, shorter, and longer again, just like day after day.

"...Reporting to Your Majesty..., it should, it seems..., there will be no change... Even if there is, it should be difficult for us to detect. If there is, it means that the world is changing..." Li Tianjing said with difficulty Said.

"...Reporting to His Majesty, there should be no change..." Sun Yuanhua was more determined.

"...My Majesty, there should be no change..." Tang Ruowang also agreed.

After some thinking, the unanimous answer of everyone is that it will not change. The people here have a certain understanding of mathematics, astronomy, and calendars. The sun has not changed, the earth has not changed, the stick has not changed, and the shadow will naturally change. Repeating the shadow of last year day after day, there will be no change. If there is a change, it means that the sun has changed and the rotation of the earth has changed. If this is the case, this is definitely a big blow to the calendar. There is no basis for existence.

"... Well said, not only is the shadow of this stick repeating year after year, but the shadow of any place on this earth should also repeat year after year. What changes, because the sun has not changed, the earth has not changed, and the shadow will naturally not change..." Yang Reform asked.

"...Since the shadow remains unchanged, the time can naturally be inferred from the shadow. If the time is fixed, then the distance and direction of the stick should be able to be obtained through the change ratio with the shadow of the stick, isn't it?" Yang Reformed asked.

Everyone fell silent.

"...Your Majesty means to exhaustively enumerate the changes in the shadows of the four seasons of the year, and infer the time by comparing the changes in the shadows in the four seasons, and if the time is fixed, use the ratio to calculate the distance and direction between the ratios?... ...Your Majesty, this seems to be possible, but it seems too cumbersome to record the length of the shadow at every moment of the seasons throughout the year..." Sun Yuanhua seemed to understand something, and said.Sun Yuanhua has a special understanding of the emperor's mind, that is exhaustive, recording the shadow changes at every moment of the year, it seems silly, it is difficult to understand, but for Sun Yuanhua who is used to exhaustive, it is not. Unacceptable, of course, even Sun Yuanhua still thinks it is too complicated.

"...Well, to be honest, it is really cumbersome to record the changes of shadows at every moment of the year. It can be simplified, such as recording the changes of each solar term, and then converting it through a certain ratio. I believe it can be simplified a lot. ..." Yang Reform said.

"...Your Majesty is right..." Sun Yuanhua said.

"...Your Majesty, it seems that you need to measure several shadows as reference objects! Moreover, you need to calculate the distance and direction between the reference shadows, and then calculate a fixed ratio. This seems to be difficult to justify. It seems that there is something missing. ..." Li Tianjing said, although the emperor said a lot of things, which seemed to be right, but he always felt that there was something wrong, and the emperor's words could not be justified.

"...That's right, I've thought about this issue, and I still have to work hard on this ball..." Yang Reform said.After finishing speaking, Yang Reform stopped the globe, flipped a certain switch, and disassembled the globe. Suddenly, the globe was like a watermelon that had been cut open, exposing the flesh inside.

"... When I read Master Xu's "Elements of Geometry", I suddenly found an interesting thing, that is, take out one-eighth of the ball, just like what I am doing now, from the center of the earth to the surface, a new shape appears. The north-south direction is a right angle of [-] degrees, and the east-west direction seems to be a [-]-degree right angle, don’t you think so?” Yang Reform said with a smile, indeed, if the removed piece is not counted as the spherical surface, it is A right triangle.

As for the remaining sphere, a hollow appeared. From the center of the earth to the surface, the vertical angle was [-] degrees, and the left and right seemed to be [-] degrees.

"... Everyone, if you take this line as the base point, is it exactly a ninety-degree angle from here to here?" Yang Reform asked.Yang Reform removed one-eighth of the piece, and the remaining sphere section is intuitively marked with an angle of [-] degrees up and down, and [-] degrees left and right.

Speaking of geometry and angles, these people have read Xu Guangqi's translation of "The Elements of Geometry", and they all know what a ninety-degree angle means, but they all understand it.

"...Look again, if you take this line as the base point, isn't it [-] degrees from here to here?" Yang Reform asked again.

"...Reporting to Your Majesty, it seems to be..." Sun Yuanhua was the first to understand. As expected of Xu Guangqi's student and as the person who personally participated in the translation of "Elements of Geometry", he quickly realized it, and his expression changed immediately.

"...Hehehe, what did Chuyang see?" Seeing Sun Yuanhua's suddenly enlightened look, Yang Reform asked immediately.

"...Your Majesty, I understand, I understand! In this way, any point on this hemisphere will be a unique point, and the distance between this point and the prescribed horizontal and vertical lines , there must be two unique included angles! Your Majesty, if I guessed correctly, and by calculating the actual distance between each included angle, and knowing the two degrees of this point, then we can infer the orientation of this point In this way, the map produced is simply perfect! Especially in the vast sea, there is no trace anymore..., Your Majesty, this is absolutely impossible..." Sun Yuanhua was the first to respond What's going on here.He is very familiar with geometry, and he is very familiar with angles, circles, points, these things. Once reminded, he immediately understands that when two prescribed lines are drawn, any point will be consistent with the two. Lines generate certain angles, but the values ​​of these two angles are unique.For example, a right angle is ninety degrees, that is to say, if the hemisphere is divided into four equal pieces, the angle must be ninety degrees. As long as the actual distance of one degree is clear, then, according to the ratio, two degrees can be converted. degrees, three degrees, and four degrees. In this way, as long as you figure out the two angles between any point on the sphere, you can calculate his position, put a map on the sphere, and apply it to this globe. , you can clearly know where you are on the globe, and you can easily judge your position according to the map.It is also very simple to find out the degree you are in. At the same time, the shadows of all objects on the earth will not change, and have a fixed ratio. Through the conversion between the shadow and the degree, you can Get the corresponding degrees.

[About the longitude and latitude, I was dizzy when I wrote it. I hope I didn’t make a mistake. If I made a mistake, I hope some book friends can point it out and correct it. 】

[I also want to say sorry, I have been stuck recently, I have no motivation to update, I am very lazy, I have stopped updating for a long time, I am really sorry. 】

(End of this chapter)