Legendary Captain

Chapter 289 National Flying Alliance (Bonus Chapter 37)

"Hahaha, just kidding, don't take it so seriously." Xu Qing patted Xu Xian's shoulder warmly.

Xu Xian's lips twitched: "I was seriously discussing aircraft engines with you, and you're joking with me?"

Xu Xian genuinely wanted to come up with a feasible solution, but Xu Qing turned it into a joke, which greatly angered Xu Xian.

"It's not exactly a joke, but it's just a bit difficult to do." Xu Qing's smile gradually widened. "Want to hear it?"

Xu Xian's face immediately darkened: "Uncle Qing, you're not a child anymore, can you stop being so childish? Do you still want to hear it? Are you doing this on purpose?"

"Alright, alright, let's get serious." Xu Qingqing cleared his throat. "Going directly to the Air Force for blueprints is obviously wishful thinking, but military equipment usually has civilian adaptation plans. If we could get authorization to civilianize military fighter jet engines, that wouldn't be a case of blind men crossing a river, completely clueless. Don't you think so?"

"Civilianization? Civilianization of small ducted turbofan engines?" Xu Xian carefully considered Xu Qing's proposal. He roughly knew that many technologies were actually civilianized after military applications, such as the Internet or the Global Positioning System.

For subsonic passenger aircraft, high-bypass turbofan engines offer a good balance of speed and economy, making them a mature and reliable option. However, for military aircraft, especially fighter jets, high-bypass turbofan engines don't offer satisfactory drag and high-speed performance. Therefore, there aren't many examples of fighter jet engines being used for civilian applications. However, if a supersonic engine is specifically designed for this purpose, then the low-bypass turbofan engines used in the latest fighter jets have a market in the civilian sector.

No matter how strong Qingyuan Group is, it can't compare to the power of the state. The small bypass turbofan engine that Qingyuan Group can't handle, the state can handle, and it has become a mature system that is ready for civilian use.

But saying that is one thing, doing it is another. Why would the military authorize you to perform civilian modifications? While civilian modifications certainly won't reveal all core technologies, there will still be some technology leaks. They definitely need a trustworthy recipient. The military could even do it internally; why would they hand it over to a third party?

"So, what do you want to do?" Even though Xu Qing came up with a seemingly feasible plan, Xu Xian still didn't believe that this path would work. After all, in Xu Xian's eyes, the military was still somewhat mysterious and naturally had a certain distance. Xu Xian felt that he and the military were from two different worlds and would not have any interaction.

"How would I know what to do?" Xu Qingyi shrugged. "If I knew what to do, would I still be here? Actually, we don't even need detailed blueprints for the low-bypass turbofan engine. As long as the military gives us some pointers on key points, this will be a done deal. We've already overcome many difficulties during the modification of the high-bypass turbofan engine. Now we're just one last step. Without outside help, we'll have to rely on time to work our way up."

Qingyuan Group invested so much money, and it did have some effect. At least a few key problems were resolved, but the rest of the components have been solved.

Currently, Qingyuan Group's research on small bypass ducted engines is at a critical stage, just one step away from completion. However, without a miracle, it might take ten years to break through that barrier. Therefore, if they want to accelerate the process, they can only rely on external assistance.

The small-bypass turbofan engine used in fighter jets certainly cannot be directly transplanted into a supersonic passenger aircraft; after all, there are significant differences between military and civilian aircraft. However, the general principles are the same, offering excellent lessons for both. In fact, Qingyuan Group doesn't need detailed blueprints for small-bypass turbofan engines used in fighter jets; it only needs to provide technical personnel to help solve Qingyuan Group's current bottleneck problems.

In fact, there are precedents for converting civilian engines to military applications. For example, the famous MiG-31 once used the civilian D30 engine. However, the D30's bypass ratio was not high to begin with, so it was naturally suitable for conversion into a fighter jet engine.

Qingyuan Group also uses a mature method of modifying the bypass ratio of civilian high-bypass engines to obtain a low-bypass engine that is suitable for use in supersonic passenger aircraft.

However, even a change in bypass ratio involves a series of issues. Researchers at Qingyuan Group even hope that their developed aero-engine will operate at idle speed in high-speed environments, with the core turbine functioning similarly to a ramjet engine. Its operating principle would be similar to the D30F6 engine.

However, while the vision was beautiful, reality kept lashing at the researchers of Qingyuan Group.

Xu Qing wasn't blaming the researchers at Qingyuan Group; he simply hoped to witness the actual prototype flight of the SST-001 while he still had sufficient cognitive abilities.

If Xu Qing were to reach his seventies or eighties and become mentally impaired, even if he succeeded in developing the product, he probably wouldn't be able to understand the joy it brought.

"I don't think this is very reliable. The key is that you don't have the channels. You don't even have the opportunity to communicate with the military. No matter how many ideas you have, it will be useless," Xu Xian said.

From Xu Qing's words, it's clear that he had indeed seriously considered this plan and prepared thoroughly. However, he couldn't afford to lack the opportunity to explain his thoughts to the authorities. He couldn't very well just run straight to the military base, grab a loudspeaker, and shout at the gate; wouldn't that get him arrested on the spot?

Xu Qingyi scoffed, "We ordinary folks, what channels do we have? I was just joking. Anyway, bottlenecks can be broken through tomorrow, right?"

"That's possible they might never break it in their lifetime!" Xu Xian immediately poured cold water on the idea.

Xu Qing's face stiffened, and she slapped Xu Xian on the back of the head: "Can't you say something nice?"

Xu Xian was patted on the shoulder by Xu Qing, and suddenly a thought flashed through his mind: "Do you think the director of the Aircraft Airworthiness Certification Department of the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) counts as a channel?"

"You know the director of the Airworthiness Certification Department? Feng Guangrong, right?"

"Yes! Actually, it's not that I know him personally. Director Feng is Zeng Lao's apprentice. He organized a gathering a while ago and we had a meal together, so... that's how we got this connection. What do you think?" Xu Xian didn't really know if the Airworthiness Certification Department route would work. In his mind, the bureau and the military were all government officials, so there should be some connections between them, right?

It can only be said that Xu Xian's thinking was completely that of an ordinary person. He used the simple concept of an official to win over the authorities and the military, which was really too arrogant.

Xu Qing's eyes twitched incessantly, but he didn't find Xu Xian's suggestion funny, because he himself had no ideas at all. No matter what, Xu Xian had at least offered some suggestions, even if they sounded a bit nonsensical.

"But wouldn't you say that counts as using connections?" As a law-abiding citizen, Xu Xian always felt that asking someone to pass on a message had a slight sense of using connections.

"What are you thinking? This is at most asking someone to help you find out information; there's no money involved. I'm really impressed with you."

Xu Xian chuckled: "Then I'm relieved. I'll talk to Director Feng later and see if it's convenient for him."

"Yeah, if it's inconvenient, there's no need to force it."

"We don't have the right to force the Director of the Review Department to approve our work!" Xu Xian complained.

"So you mean Xu Qing was your mother's savior, and that gold lock you originally intended for Xu Qing's son was just given to you by chance?" In the flight preparation room, Qin Zongyang flipped through the Tianyan magazine, marveling at the situation.

In the latest issue of Tianyan Magazine, Xu Xian is featured on the cover, and the interview with Xu Xian explains his relationship with Xu Qing, which can be considered to dispel the rumors of him being an "illegitimate child".

"Yes!" Xu Xian nodded. "After my mother gave birth to me, she went to the company to see Uncle Qing. Originally, she just wanted to express her gratitude, but later she suggested that Uncle Qing name me, and that's how Uncle Qing named me Xu Xian. Later, Uncle Qing felt that he should give me a gift, so he gave me the gold lock that he had originally planned to prepare for his son. So, that's all there is to it."

"Tsk tsk tsk, Xingfei Flight 8547, right! I never expected this coincidence!" Qin Zongyang couldn't help but marvel at the wonder of fate.

Xingfei 8547 was Xu Qing's last flight as a civil aviation pilot. It was on this flight that Xu Xian's mother, Huang Ying, suffered a premature birth and severe hemorrhage, and her life was in danger.

Xu Qing ultimately decided to land with a tailwind exceeding the standard, landing as quickly as possible. Huang Ying and her unborn child were saved; otherwise, they might have both died.

Therefore, Xu Qing can also be considered Xu Xian's savior.

After saying that, Qin Zongyang shook his head and smiled wryly: "It seems you really have powerful backing, incredibly powerful. And this time you've really made your teacher proud. The company went all out this time, giving every member of the flight department, cabin crew department, and security department a copy of 'Sky Eye Magazine.' Tsk tsk tsk, that must have cost a fortune!"

Since its inception, no one from Star Travel Airlines has ever been interviewed by Sky Eye Magazine, let alone featured on its cover. This is something that will go down in the company's history, so the company specially allocated funds to purchase more than two thousand copies of Sky Eye Magazine. Regardless of whether they are flight crew or not, everyone in the flight department, cabin crew department, and security department received a copy. It was simply astonishing.

Due to special circumstances, the latest issue of Tianyan Magazine has been purchased in large quantities not only by ordinary people, but also by airline staff, who then distribute it to their frontline flight crew members for study.

Preliminary statistics show that the latest issue of Tianyan Magazine has seen a 400% year-on-year increase in sales, making it a complete bestseller.

With his apprentice proving so promising, Qin Zongyang, as the master, felt immensely proud, walking with his head held high like a rooster. Moreover, Qin Zongyang recently achieved his goal of regaining his rank as a solo pilot. Of course, it was only a solo pilot position; as for instructors, inspectors, or appointed representatives, those were still just a pipe dream.

However, being able to return to the single-pilot level is already quite good, at least it allows him to naturally pair up with Xu Xian for flights.

"How much experience do you still need?" Qin Zongyang asked.

Xu Xian knew that Qin Zongyang was asking about the 2,700 hours of experience timeline, not the requirements for becoming a Level 6 co-pilot.

"It's been less than a thousand hours, what's wrong?"

"Then let's fly inter-provincial flights from now on, and speed up the schedule. Intra-provincial flights are too fragmented," Qin Zongyang said.

Domestic flights within the province are profitable, but the experience gained isn't enough. Qin Zongyang has lost interest in making money and is now focused on giving Xu Xian more experience so he can become a captain as soon as possible.

In fact, given Xu Xian's current situation, becoming a captain is practically a natural progression. Whether it's an inspector from Star Travel Airlines or another company, who could possibly hold Xu Xian accountable?

The simulator test for transitioning from Level 6 to Level 7 co-pilot requires an inspector from another company. Generally, this test is quite difficult, but for Xu Xian, who has seen it all, it's a piece of cake.

"Hmm!" Xu Xian also felt that flying was a bit boring, and thought that he should become a captain as soon as possible so that he could finish what he started. Then he quickly left the flying industry.

"By the way, Master. The ILS system on runway 01 at Jinyang Airport will be shut down for maintenance from 2 PM to 8 PM. Our landing time is 2:30 PM, so we might have to use RNP then."

Maintenance of the instrument landing system is a fairly normal operation, but the timing of this maintenance was unfortunate, as it coincided with their landing time. Therefore, the instrument landing was definitely unusable, and the only option was to use the RNP approach method.

"RNP it is then. Is the weather there alright? Does it meet the landing criteria?" Qin Zongyang asked casually while flipping through the magazine.

Although RNP approach is guided by a localizer and glide slope, it can only be considered a precision approach and is still inferior to ILS approach. Therefore, its approach and landing standards are higher than those of ILS approach.

For example, the landing cloud base for the ILS (Instrument Landing System) on Runway 01 at Jinyang Airport is 60 meters, or 200 feet, while the RNP (Responsive Non-Plane) approach requires a cloud base of at least 450 feet. Furthermore, the RVR (Responsible Virtual Radio) requirements for the two approach methods are also different. ILS approaches can operate under smaller RVR standards, while RNP approaches have a much more demanding operating environment.

However, larger airports will not only have one approach method; they should at least have one precision approach method and one non-precision approach method.

Precision approaches are mostly ILS (Instrument Landing System), while non-precision approaches used to primarily use VOR (Vehicle Orientation) and NDB (Non-Precision Deployment) approaches. However, with advancements in technology, NDB approaches were the first to be phased out, followed by VOR, which has gradually disappeared. Now, many major airports have completely phased out VOR and NDB approaches. Some airports have even stopped using ILS approaches altogether, opting instead for RNP (Radio Parallel Approach) AR (Automatic Navigation) approaches.

Compared to the high maintenance cost of the ILS (Instrument Landing System), the RNP AR (Remote Novel Approach) combines the advantages of high accuracy and low maintenance cost. Some smaller airports are now abandoning the ILS and switching to the RNP AR approach.

However, the practicality of RNP AR is still limited because this approach method not only requires the aircraft to be airworthy, but also requires the crew to have the relevant operational qualifications, which is relatively complicated. Therefore, even though RNP AR has various conveniences, it will still take some time before it is widely adopted.

Comparatively speaking, the RNP APCH approach method is now more widely used.

Jin Yang Runway 01 still uses the RNP APCH approach, which has relatively high landing standards. Therefore, when it is expected that an RNP approach will be used, the crew will check the airport's weather conditions in advance to avoid the embarrassing situation of being unable to land due to maintenance of the instrument landing system and insufficient landing standards of the RNP approach.

"CAVOK in Jinyang that day, no problem," Xu Xian said.

Qin Zongyang closed the magazine: "Then there's nothing more to say. Keep an eye on the RAIM forecast. If that's all fine, let's go grab some food. Our flight was delayed, which gives us a good lunch break."

The flight preceding Xu Xian and Qin Zongyang's plane was delayed and is still in the air. It is expected to land in another hour and a half. If they arrive at the airport on time, the plane will not have arrived by the time they get to the tarmac.

In cases of preceding flight delays, the crew typically postpones their arrival at the airport, a practice the company generally approves of. This time, due to significant prior delays, a lunch break was created. Qin Zongyang, thoroughly fed up with the crew meals, decided to take advantage of this time to eat at the company cafeteria.

"Okay!" Xu Xian also didn't really like the in-flight meals. Although the food in the company cafeteria wasn't great either, it was still better than the in-flight meals. So he said, "I'll get ready and call the flight crew to tell them to come over later."

According to the schedule, the flight crew would be coming to coordinate soon. In order to avoid the flight crew coming to the wrong place, Xu Xian still needed to communicate with the flight crew in advance. Anyway, there was plenty of time, and the flight crew could also take this opportunity to have a meal in the cafeteria.

Qin Zongyang glanced at the time on his watch and nodded: "Tell the flight attendant that we're going to eat and ask if she wants to come along."

Qin Zongyang had barely finished speaking when his phone rang. Seeing that it was the dispatcher, he answered, "What is it?"

"President Qin, there's a flight that's better than the one in Su. Would you like to fly it? We could switch it with the flight to Jinyang," the dispatcher suggested.

"Bisu?" Qin Zongyang glanced at Xu Xian, who was packing his things. "Just one round trip to Bisu?"

"That's right!" the dispatcher said. "If you agree, Mr. Qin, I can add two more 'grab flights' for you and Xu Xian each. What do you think? Each flight takes less time than Su's and earns more money than Jin Yang's. What do you think, Mr. Qin?"

The round trip to Jinyang takes about five and a half to six hours, while the round trip to Bisu takes only one and a half hours. However, because Bisu is a complex airport within the province, the landing fees are very high. In terms of profit alone, the one and a half hour round trip to Bisu earns more than the less than six-hour round trip to Jinyang, and this is without considering the additional two flight fare fees.

At various airlines, there are fixed monetary rewards for actively cooperating in catching flights.

All things considered, flying to and from Su is much more comfortable than flying to and from Jinyang. Qin Zongyang used to prefer non-Suzhou airports because they were easy and didn't interfere with making money.

However, while it's much better than Su Lai's round trip, there's one major drawback: the travel time is too short, only an hour and a half round trip. For Xu Xian, who urgently needs time, this flight isn't particularly valuable. After all, neither Qin Zongyang nor Xu Xian are very interested in making money right now.

If it were a story that could be followed by two more segments than Su Laihui, Qin Zongyang might have considered it further. But the fact that it was just a story about Su Laihui made Qin Zongyang very unhappy.

"Maybe we should just forget about it. This place is too small compared to Su Lai. You should find someone else." With that, Qin Zongyang prepared to hang up.

"No, Mr. Qin! No one else can take over this flight except you. Instructor Wang Yonghe has already returned to base. The turbulence on the other side of the line was too strong, and the plane was completely out of control. The other young instructors didn't dare to take over either when they heard that Instructor Wang Yonghe couldn't fly back. Now, only you and Mr. Qin are left in the company to take over this flight." The dispatcher was almost pleading with a sob in his voice.

If Qin Zongyang doesn't accept the flight, it will have to be canceled. Don't underestimate Bisu just because it's a small airport; it's a tourist hotspot, and tickets are never discounted. If it's canceled, the company will lose a lot of money.

Wang Yonghe was a veteran instructor at Xingyou Aviation, having flown complex routes to airports within the province for many years, and his driving skills were impeccable. However, this experienced instructor encountered continuous and severe turbulence near Bisu, making the aircraft completely uncontrollable, and he had no choice but to return to base.

Meanwhile, after returning to base, Wang Yonghe said he wouldn't be flying Bisu that day and asked the dispatcher to find someone to replace him.

The dispatcher had no choice but to find someone else. Because Bisu Airport is near the large freshwater lake Kunmi River, the surrounding air currents are extremely unstable, and even captains are not allowed to fly there; only instructors are permitted. However, the instructors available that day were all young, and upon hearing that Bisu was to be flown, they were already quite nervous. Hearing that even instructor Wang Yonghe hadn't been able to handle it, they immediately lost all their confidence and all said they couldn't take on the task.

The dispatcher knew that flying at Bisu Airport was extremely difficult, and if these young instructors said they couldn't fly, then they really couldn't fly; forcing them to fly was futile.

In fact, when scheduling flights, the planning department rarely schedules flights for young instructors to Bisu, which shows how difficult Bisu Airport is. It's not that the young instructors are shirking their responsibilities.

They really couldn't find anyone. After much deliberation, the dispatcher had no choice but to approach Qin Zongyang and suggest switching flights. Anyway, it was easy to find a replacement for the Jin Yang flight. In comparison, they could deal with the difficult Bi Su flight first.

"Even that old geezer Wang Yonghe can't get down?" Qin Zongyang was still somewhat confident in his own skills, but he felt that Instructor Wang Yonghe was no pushover and had real ability. If even Wang Yonghe couldn't handle it, then things were indeed a bit tricky. No wonder the dispatcher had to come to him.

Given the current situation, the dispatcher truly had no other options. He hesitated for a moment, then decided to consult Xu Xian: "Xu Xian, the dispatcher wants us to switch shifts and fly the round trip between Bisu and [another location]. I heard the turbulence there is very strong, and no one can fly it, so I'll have to take over. What do you think?"

By now, Qin Zongyang no longer regards Xu Xian as his apprentice, but speaks to him as an equal.

"No one can fly it anymore?" Xu Xian frowned.

Qin Zongyang said helplessly, "Yeah, that old geezer Wang Yonghe has already returned. He seems a bit difficult to deal with. Do you think we should pick him up?"

Qin Zongyang is the deputy general manager of the flight department. As a leader, he sometimes needs to set an example. At this truly difficult juncture, it wouldn't look good for a leader like himself to back down.

"Fine, let's compete with Su then. The dispatching department is probably forced into this situation." Xu Xian was easy to talk to; even though he wanted to accumulate more time, he readily agreed.

Upon seeing that Xu Xian had agreed, Qin Zongyang immediately replied to the dispatcher: "Okay, get the plan on quickly. By the way, what's the takeoff time?"

After a short wait, the dispatcher announced, "Mr. Qin, the scheduled takeoff time is 12:50."

Since this is a make-up flight, the departure time cannot be completely determined.

"12:50?" Qin Zongyang glanced at the time. "Then we need to go in now?"

"No rush, Mr. Qin. The scheduled departure time is 12:50, but it seems we won't make it. We'll reschedule. There are some issues with the plane that need to be addressed, which may take a while. We don't need to go to the airport for a bit. Mr. Qin, you can go have some food. I'll contact you immediately if anything comes up."

"There's a problem with the plane? What's wrong?" Qin Zongyang asked.

The dispatcher stammered, "It's not a big problem, just some cabin cleaning on the planes, not a mechanical issue."

"Cabin cleaning?" This was the first time Qin Zongyang had heard of this term. However, as long as it wasn't a mechanical problem, Qin Zongyang wasn't too concerned, as long as it didn't affect his flight. As for whether it was clean or not, he'd leave that to the company to figure out.

He had initially thought that if he took over this job, he wouldn't be able to have lunch, but now it seems acceptable.

"Alright, alright, you guys handle any problems yourselves. Xu Xian and I are going to eat first. Just contact us if you need to get in." Qin Zongyang was about to hang up when he suddenly remembered something: "By the way, has the passenger seat been behaving well these past two days?"

"President Qin, our company is doing alright, it's just that things are really turbulent at Chimelong right now, and I'm getting a bit nervous."

Qin Zongyang breathed a sigh of relief when he heard that his company was alright. He didn't care about Chimelong Airlines, even though the two companies were nominally in a superior-subordinate relationship.

"You guys should prepare contingency plans. These kids are tough to deal with these days!" Qin Zongyang instructed before hanging up the phone.

After Qin Zongyang hung up the phone, Xu Xian had already finished packing everything. However, when Xu Xian heard Qin Zongyang mentioning the passenger seat again, and considering some recent rumors, he became curious: "What happened to the passenger seat again?"

Upon hearing about the co-pilot incident, Qin Zongyang's face fell: "Didn't our company's co-pilots stage a disturbance before? Now the trouble has spread to Chimelong. Yesterday, more than half of Chimelong Airlines' co-pilots refused to fly for various reasons, causing chaos there. Fortunately, Chimelong has fewer flights and a large reserve of pilots, managing to make various adjustments and preventing large-scale flight cancellations. However, I heard that Chimelong Airlines is still shaken, claiming that our co-pilots led their co-pilots astray."

"I knew it! If Chimelong Airlines had canceled a large number of flights, it would have been in the news long ago. Yesterday, I only heard some friends mention it vaguely, but I didn't see any specific news. I didn't expect Chimelong Airlines to be so good at scheduling, managing to make it happen."

Chimelong Airlines doesn't have a large number of flights, but it has an extremely large reserve of personnel, so even if half of the co-pilots stop flying, they can still manage to find replacements.

Qin Zongyang gloated, "Hehe, it seems that almost all the office leaders in Chimelong's flight department went up and flew yesterday. The scene must have been quite spectacular."

Many of the leaders in the flight department are actually former pilots, and quite a few are still flying. The fact that Chimelong Airlines went so far as to send all these leaders to fly flights shows that they were truly driven to desperation.

Fortunately, nothing major has happened.

"The insurance company incident had already made Chimelong Airlines quite dissatisfied with us. Now, the news of the co-pilot strike came from our side. I reckon that once Chimelong Airlines has dealt with the co-pilot issue, they'll deal with us," Qin Zongyang said with a smile.

The main reason for the insurance company's previous policy cancellation was with Xingyou Airlines, specifically with Xuxian. However, Wen Jingshu refused to stop flying to Xuxian, which eventually led to a breakdown in negotiations with the insurance company, which ultimately opted to cancel the policy.

Because the insurance policy also involved Chimelong Airlines, the airline was forced to operate with extreme caution. As a result, Chimelong Airlines, which was previously relatively loosely managed, became much more stringent in its operations.

Pilots at Chimelong Airlines originally came looking for a relatively relaxed working environment. If they wanted to earn money, who would join Chimelong Airlines? But now, Chimelong Airlines has lost its only advantage as a haven for slackers, and the airline has started to impose increasingly strict requirements. How can Chimelong Airlines pilots accept this?

I wasn't flying with Chimelong Airlines to make money, I just wanted a comfortable experience. Now I'm not making any money and I'm getting all sorts of frustrations, so it's no wonder I'm so upset. Plus, with the recent strike by co-pilots at Star Airlines as a precedent, the co-pilots at Chimelong Airlines, seeing there was a precedent to follow, quickly discussed it and staged another strike at Chimelong Airlines.

Yesterday's strike by co-pilots, while not causing devastating damage, certainly gave Chimelong Airlines' leadership a big scare. After some deliberation, Chimelong Airlines concluded that the root of the problem lay with Star Airlines.

As a subsidiary company, instead of sharing the burden with its superior company, it keeps causing trouble for itself. It needs to be dealt with.

"Master, what do you think those co-pilots are trying to do? Are they just going on strike to vent their anger?" Xu Xian asked curiously.

Qin Zongyang's expression was somewhat strange: "It seems there is such a rumor that a national flying alliance is going to be formed. This matter seems to be getting a little difficult to handle."

Thank you so much for the generous donation from Purple-Eyed Beauty yesterday! Here's an extra chapter!

(End of this chapter)