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The rulers of the Song Dynasty always advocated civil governance, valued civil officials, promoted education, and gave preferential treatment to intellectuals.

The Song Dynasty can be said to be the period with the most relaxed ideological and cultural environment, which objectively played a positive role in the development of economy, society and culture.

The emperors of the Song Dynasty issued an edict to treat scholars and officials with courtesy, and later established a policy of respecting culture and suppressing military power.

In such a political atmosphere, intellectuals' enthusiasm for participating in politics and policy-making reached an unprecedented high.

They had active ideas, which promoted the great development of thought, culture and academics in the Song Dynasty.

As a result, a large number of literati in the Song Dynasty quickly entered the political arena, and the Han family was no exception.

In the Northern Song Dynasty there was Han Qi, and in the Southern Song Dynasty there was Han Yuanji.

"There were two main ways to enter the officialdom in the Song Dynasty: one was to take the imperial examination, and the other was to inherit the family patronage."

"Han Yuanji's entry into the government belongs to the latter. Han Yuanji's hometown is Yingchuan, Henan."

"In the Northern Song Dynasty, there were two Han families that flourished, one was the Xiangzhou Han family, and the other was the Yingchuan Han family."

"When Han Yuanji was 10 years old, the Jin people captured the two capitals, the Central Plains was in chaos, and the Song Dynasty moved south."

"The Han family fled to the south of the Yangtze River, one branch of which lived in Linchuan, while Yuanji's family moved to Shaowu, Fujian."

"In the 14th year of Shaoxing, 28-year-old Han Yuanji left Fujian for the first time to take the imperial examination, but failed."

"In the 18th year of Shaoxing, he failed the exam again, but because of his ancestor's relationship, he was selected by the Ministry of Personnel as a result of his family background."

"Han Yuanji, who had just turned thirty, had already had a high reputation as a writer at the time, and everyone thought it was an honor for him to be admitted into the government through family connections."

"The following year after he was selected through family connections, Han Yuanji was appointed as the chief clerk of Longquan County, Chuzhou."

"Around the autumn and winter of the 21st year of Shaoxing, he left Longquan and returned to Lin'an, where he lived in Deqing again."

"He first lived in Deqing after he failed the imperial examination in the 14th year of Shaoxing. Because his elder brother Yuanlong was the chief clerk of Yuhang County, he chose to stay in Cixiang Temple in Deqing, Huzhou temporarily."

"This time when he returned to Deqing, Lü Zuqian came to visit. This was the first time they met. Lü Zuqian later became Han Yuanji's son-in-law."

"In the 22nd year of Shaoxing, I sent a poem to Xu Chen, the governor of Pingjiang, to seek a job. In the spring of the 23rd year, I sent another poem to Liang Shiheng, the lieutenant of Renhe County."

"In the autumn of the 23rd year of Shaoxing, Han Yuanji accepted the invitation of Huang Renrong, the governor of Xinzhou, and went to work in the Xinzhou shogunate."

"At the beginning of the 26th year of Shaoxing, Huang Renrong was transferred to Jiangdong as the judge of transportation, and Zhou Kui took over in March."

"Zhou Kui was a famous Confucian scholar at the time. Han Yuanji had long wanted to meet him. It happened that he was appointed to Xinzhou, and Han Yuanji continued to serve as his shogun."

"But in December of that year, Zhou Kui was dismissed from office, and Han Yuanji was also dismissed from his post as a secretary."

"Han Yuanji's four years in the Shinshu shogunate gave him a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the local landscape, customs, and people."

"Although he had passed through Xinzhou before when he left Fujian, that was just a stop on his journey, but the four years in Xinzhou were a stop in his life."

"Han Yuanji was the governor of Jian'an County in Fujian. He was generous but frugal in collecting taxes, and had a good reputation for his political career. He also built Lingfeng Pavilion in the west of the city."

"Han Yuanji was a consistent advocate of war in his thoughts and actions. At that time, the advocates of war were divided into emotional and rational factions, and Han Yuanji belonged to the latter."

"In fact, Zhang Jun's subsequent offensive failed due to insufficient preparation."

"This long letter proves that Han Yuanji's judgment and analysis of the situation at that time were correct. He was not a military strategist, but a politician."

"In the early years of Longxing, Han Yuanji's elder brother Yuanlong was the general governor of Huaidong, and his general governor's office was located in Zhenjiang, so my mother lived here with her brother."

"Han Yuanji went to Zhenjiang to visit his mother as the new governor of Poyang. Lu You happened to be the magistrate of Zhenjiang at that time."

"They have known each other for a long time. This time they met in Zhenjiang, and they looked at the mountains and rivers together, toasted each other, and sang together."

"After the first month of the first year of the Qiandao reign, Han Yuanji was summoned as a meritorious official and appointed as the transport commissioner of Jiangdong."

"Han Yuanji went to Xuancheng to attend his mother's funeral and then lived in Shangrao to worry about his mother's death. This shows that he had already settled down here."

"During the period of mourning, he devoted himself to learning and had frequent exchanges with Wang Shimin, a scholar from Hutan, Shangrao."

Zhang Juzheng: Han Yuanji, a descendant of a famous family in the Song Dynasty, was a political elite and a great poet.

Han Yuanji was an important historical figure in the early Southern Song Dynasty, and his main political activities were concentrated during the reign of Emperor Xiaozong.

During his tenure as an official, he paid attention to the suffering of the people and tried his best to reduce their burden.

He put forward suggestions on rectifying the administration of officials, strived to make a difference, and was active in the political arena of the early Southern Song Dynasty with a positive attitude.

Han Yuanji inherited his family's teachings since he was young, and was prominent in politics and literature. In addition, the Han family was a prominent family in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Therefore, all of Han Yuanji's friends were famous figures in the Southern Song Dynasty, and they had a profound influence on him in terms of official conduct, personality, and thoughts.

Therefore, as an official, Han Yuanji cared about the government and the people's livelihood, and advocated the recovery of lost territories, which was exactly the common voice of the upright and patriotic scholars at that time.

As a poet, he does not limit his vision to the small circle of his personal life.

His poems reflect a wide range of life, including war, government affairs, friendship, family, landscapes, and even pavilions and plants, covering almost everything.

Moreover, his poetry style is diverse, and sometimes multiple styles are blended together.

It is also worth mentioning that the style of Han's poems is mostly high-spirited and vigorous. Even the poems written in his later years do not show any signs of fatigue or listlessness.

The cliffs lean against the sky, and the river drops down a thousand feet. The sky is dark with sorrow and hatred, when will it end?
The wind is strong at dusk, and I hear the flute at the border when I finish drinking. Where is the exiled immortal? Beyond the green mountains, there is blue smoke in the distance.

At that time, the Jin army invaded the south and approached the Yangtze River, and the war clouds were looming between the Jianghuai area.

The author was moved by the safety of the country and wrote this poem by the river, expressing his indignation.

The first stanza is mainly about describing the scenery, and the emotions are evoked by the scenery.

The opening line of the poem is about a cliff leaning against the sky, descending thousands of feet into the river, which is extremely imposing.

First, I saw Caishiji standing in front of me. Looking up, I felt that the steep cliffs pierced the clouds, as if standing against the sky.

After climbing to the Eyebrow Pavilion on the top of the mountain, looking down, you will see another picture.

I only felt that the cliff was a thousand feet high and was approaching the river bank.

These first two sentences, one looking up and one looking down, one down and one up, are majestic and magnificent, and full of three-dimensional sense.

The second stanza is mainly lyrical, with emotions and scenery blending together.

The second stanza follows closely on from the previous one, describing the causes of sorrow and hatred.

As evening approached, the river surged and the sad and solemn sound of the border guards' flutes came to my ears.

Dangtu is located in the heart of the motherland, but now it has become a frontier fortress. Hearing the flute sounds of the border guards, one is reminded of his homeland in the Central Plains.

When I worry about my country and my life, I feel so much emotion and can't help but feel burning with worry.

The solemn and passionate tone of this poem naturally blends with the geographical environment of Caishiji, the war situation at that time, and the waves in the author's heart caused by the struggle against the enemy.

"In the seventh year of Qiandao, Han Yuanji returned to Lin'an to resume his post after his death."

"This year, the imperial court sent Han Yuanji to the Kingdom of Jin to celebrate the Spring Festival."

"On the way, he took advantage of this rare opportunity to return to the Central Plains to secretly observe the enemy's situation."

“Whenever I go to a post station, whether it’s drinking tea or washing hands, even if I only meet women and children, I often take the initiative to start a conversation and get more information from it.”

"After returning to the court, Emperor Xiaozong read the memorial and was very sure of his point of view."

"Most of the Southern Song envoys sent to the Kingdom of Jin would use poetry to express their feelings, which gradually formed a literary paradigm of the envoys to the Kingdom of Jin." "In the 9th year of Qiandao, Han Yuanji was appointed as the Minister of Personnel. In the first year of Chunxi, he was impeached and sent to Wuzhou."

"In the third year of Chunxi, Han Yuanji left Jianning and returned to the capital to serve as the Minister of Personnel. On his way to Chong'an, he met Zhu Xi again and the two had a very pleasant conversation."

"In the fifth year of Chunxi, Han Yuanji requested to be appointed to an external post and left the imperial court. He was appointed as the governor of Wuzhou again as a scholar of Longtu Pavilion."

"In the seventh year of Chunxi, he retired and began his true life of leisure in Shangrao in his later years."

"Han Yuanji followed hundreds of people in his life, but only four of them were important."

"Among them, Lü Zuqian was his son-in-law, who died before him."

"Lu You was his longest-standing friend."

"Zhu Xi was his friend in academic matters, while Xin Qiji was his closest friend when he retired to Shangrao."

"Xin Qiji finally settled in Shangrao in the 9th year of Chunxi, after his new residence in Daihu was completed."

"To him, Han Yuanji is a senior figure in the political and literary circles."

"In fact, Han Yuanji was the leader of Shangrao's literary world at the time, so Xin Qiji respected Han Yuanji very much."

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"In the poem, Xin Qiji highly praised the Han family and Han Yuanji himself. The emotional foundation of the two of them was mainly based on their common ideal of fighting the war of resistance, which was clearly shown in the poem."

"Han Yuanji's poem vividly depicts Xin Qiji's life in Daihu Lake, which is the most realistic and appropriate poem of the time."

"At that time, Han Yuanji lived in the south of Shangrao City and built the Cangdun Pavilion."

"Xin Qiji's Daihu Manor is located in the north of Shangrao City. The most luxurious building in the manor is the Snow Tower."

"In winter, Han Yuanji brought wine from the south of the city to Daihu Lake to watch the snow in the Snow Tower with Xin Qiji."

"However, Han Yuanji passed away shortly after his 70th birthday, so this poem became the last blessing Han Yuanji received."

"In the 9th year of Chunxi, Zhu Xi returned to Fujian from Lin'an, passing through Shangrao and staying at Han Yuanji's house."

"The next day, Han Yuanji invited the local poet Xu Hengzhong to accompany Zhu Xi to visit Nanyan Yidiquan. Xin Qiji also came to meet him after learning about it. This is the famous Nanyan Meeting in Shangrao's cultural history."

"In Shangrao, Han Yuanji and Zhu Xi maintained close contact."

"In the 10th year of Chunxi, Zhu Xi led his disciples to build Wuyi Jingshe at the foot of Wuyi Mountain."

"As a Neo-Confucianist, Zhu Xi was not alienated from the literary circles of his time. He had commented on Shangrao poets Zhao Fan, Xu Siyuan and Han Zhongzhi."

"He spent the night reading poetry with his students, and even when he was tired he asked them to read aloud to him. This shows how much he was fascinated by Han Yuanji's poetry."

"But Zhu Xi was a Neo-Confucianist after all, and his last comment reflected his regret for Han Yuanji."

"I think he is just a poet, and he can never become a Taoist."

"Zhu Xi was also the first person to comment on Han Yuanji's poems. Han Yuanji's poems should have a place in literary history."

"In the 14th year of Chunxi, Han Yuanji passed away shortly after his 70th birthday."

"Lu You was one of the longest-lived poets of his time, and many of his fellow poets, younger or older than him, died one after another."

“Those who remain are alive, but they live alone.”

"For Lu You, reminiscing about old friends was his daily routine."

"Sometimes, he would accidentally open the bookcase and see Han Yuanji's letter, which would bring back memories."

"Han Yuanji's son Han Yu was also a famous poet at the time, as famous as Zhao Fan, who was also known as Zhangquan. People at the time called them the two springs of Shangrao."

"After Han Yuanji died, his tomb was buried in the east of the city. His descendants settled in various places in Shangrao, especially in Qianshan."

Wang Yangming: This farewell poem written by Han Yuanji to Lu You blends emotion and scene, is extraordinary and fully demonstrates his magnanimity.

Han Yuanji came from a noble family, was talented, and was good at poetry. He was a very influential figure.

Xin Qiji respected him as a senior in the literary world and had great respect for him.

When Han Yuanji retired to Shangrao in his later years, he exchanged poems with Xin Qiji and they had a close relationship.

Compared with Xin Qiji, Lu You was Han Yuanji's closest friend with whom he had the longest relationship.

The two of them had similar interests, appreciated each other, and often wrote poems in unison.

The wine-cups and boats are completely empty, and Jingkou seems like a dream.

You are still the same as before, like the clouds and mist on the paper, but I have become an old man with frost and snow on my scarf.

In spring, tea leaves are still turning white, and in winter, plum branches are turning red.

To appreciate the mountains and rivers, one needs wonderful words, and the small flag is flying in the wind.

This is a farewell poem with sincere emotions. The first couplet recalls the past, the second couplet describes the present, the third couplet imagines, and the last couplet looks forward.

There are memories of the good old days, deep emotion about the current situation, and a promising future.

Although it writes about the feeling of parting, it is not melancholy or sad, and the style is profound.

But he is not decadent or pessimistic. His positive and open-minded attitude towards life makes people feel good.

The first couplet describes a farewell banquet, with two old friends drinking from their cups as they leave the boat.

We said goodbye reluctantly and looked back on the past years. It seemed like a dream and I felt like everything was in vain.

Han Yuanji and Lu You were both patriotic patriots who advocated resistance against the Jin army. However, they had great courage but no chance to realize their ambitions. Therefore, Han Yuanji's words also imply that Bi Zhuo had forgotten all his worries and everything was in vain.

Han Yuanji went to Zhenjiang to visit his mother as the new governor of Poyang. At that time, Lu You happened to be the magistrate of Zhenjiang.

The two men traveled to Jinshan together and sang for each other. Han Yuanji was transferred to be an official in Beijing and came to Zhenjiang to travel with his good friends again.

The second couplet describes the current situation of the two people and expresses their regret for their unfulfilled ambitions.

Lu You has been in Sichuan for many years. Although he has encountered many setbacks, his sentiments, literary style and character remain the same.

Therefore, Han Yuanji praised his poetic style for its generosity, his brush strokes, his writings like the wind, the paper full of clouds and mist, majestic and magnificent, just as it was at the beginning.

Although the poet has been promoted over the years, his career has also been full of ups and downs.

In just a few years, he experienced the pain of losing his mother and daughter.

Therefore, he lamented that the national affairs were very difficult and he should have served the country, but time was running out.

My head is covered with frost and snow. I have reached the twilight of my life and am unable to help the current situation. I feel deep regret.

The couplet uses scenery to express emotions, with an elegant writing style and detached poetic sentiment. The author is not entangled in the feeling of separation, which shows his broad-mindedness.

When we broke up, it was the end of the year, and spring was coming.

The red plum blossoms have made preparations to welcome the New Year. You can see that their branches are already bright red.

The last couplet writes encouraging words in a positive and optimistic tone.

It is not only a consolation to friends on their journey, but also an echo of the previous text, leaving people with a lingering feeling.

Both of them had served as officials in central Fujian, and were naturally very familiar with the beautiful scenery of the mountains and rivers in central Fujian.

Now, twenty years later, Lu You is once again appointed as an official in Fujian. How can he not be filled with emotion when he revisits the old place? (End of this chapter)