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Jiang Wan, courtesy name Gongyan, was a native of Lingling Xiangxiang (now Xiangxiang, Hunan). He was an important official of Shu Han during the late Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period. After Zhuge Liang's death, he was in charge of Shu's military and political affairs.

When Liu Bei was the governor of Jingzhou, he appointed Jiang Wan as the secretary of the provincial government; after Liu Bei conquered Yizhou, Jiang Wan was appointed as the mayor of Guangdu County, and soon became the magistrate of Shifang County.

Liu Bei was promoted to King of Hanzhong, and Jiang Wan was promoted to Shangshu Lang.

In the first year of Jianxing (223 AD), Prime Minister Zhuge Liang opened a government office to govern the country and appointed Jiang Wan as an official in the Eastern Cao. Later, he was promoted to a military officer in the Prime Minister's Office.

Zhuge Liang entered Hanzhong, and Jiang Wan and Chief Clerk Zhang Yi were in charge of the affairs of the Prime Minister's Mansion.

In the eighth year of Jianxing (230 AD), Jiang Wan was promoted to Chief Clerk and granted the title of General Fujun, responsible for the logistics of Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition.

In the 234th year of Jianxing ( AD), on the eve of Zhuge Liang's death, he recommended Jiang Wan to the later emperor Liu Chan to assist in state affairs. Jiang Wan was promoted to Shangshu Ling, and soon he was also acting Zhongdu Protector, fake festival, and concurrently served as Yizhou Governor.

The following year, Jiang Wan was promoted to general, recorded as the Minister of the Secretariat, and granted the title of Marquis of Anyang Ting, taking charge of national affairs.

In the second year of Yan Xi (239 AD), Jiang Wan was promoted to Grand Marshal and was allowed to open a government office to govern the country.

Jiang Wan believed that Zhuge Liang's previous northern expedition was a long and arduous journey, and he planned to attack Weixing and Shangyong counties of Wei State downstream of the Han River, but he was unable to act due to illness.

In the ninth year of Yan Xi (246 AD), Jiang Wan died of illness and was posthumously named Gong Hou. His son Jiang Bin inherited the title.

Jiang Wan was highly spoken of by his contemporaries and later generations. Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu Han, commented that Jiang Wan was a "tool for the country" and "loyal and elegant" and capable of shouldering the important task of assisting the country.

Jin Dynasty historians Chen Shou, Yuan Hong and Pei Songzhi all believed that Jiang Wan was generous, impartial, and elegant in temperament. After Zhuge Liang's death, he presided over state affairs and made great contributions to the country.

Wang Fuzhi, a scholar in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and Duanmu Cai, a scholar in the Qing dynasty, believed that after Jiang Wan, there was no successor to Shu Han.

When Jiang Wan was 20 years old, he and his cousin Liu Min from Quanling County became known for their talents.

When Liu Bei was the governor of Jingzhou, he hired Jiang Wan as his secretary.

In the 214th year of Jian'an ( AD) during the reign of Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bei captured Yizhou, took charge of Yizhou himself, and appointed Jiang Wan as the county magistrate of Guangdu.

Once, Liu Bei was out sightseeing and suddenly came to Guangdu County (today's southern Chengdu, Sichuan) for inspection.

Seeing that Jiang Wan had not handled any affairs well and was drunk, Liu Bei became furious and wanted to execute Jiang Wan.

Fortunately, military advisor Zhuge Liang interceded for him, believing that Jiang Wan was a talented person who could assist the government, but not suitable for being a county magistrate.

He based his administration on the people's safety and did not engage in superficial work. He hoped that Liu Bei could examine Jiang Wan again.

Liu Bei had always respected Zhuge Liang, so he did not punish Jiang Wan, but removed him from his post.

But not long after, Jiang Wan was re-employed by Liu Bei and served as the magistrate of Shifang County.

Liu Bei was promoted to King of Hanzhong and summoned Jiang Wan to serve as Shangshu Lang.

In the first year of Jianxing (223 AD), Liu Bei died and was succeeded by Liu Chan.

Prime Minister Zhuge Liang was ordered to assist the later emperor Liu Chan, set up a government to handle affairs, and appointed Jiang Wan as the Eastern Cao official.

Later, Zhuge Liang recommended Jiang Wan as a talented person as the governor of Yizhou, but Jiang Wan gave the opportunity to Liu Yong, Yin Hua, Pang Yan and Liao Chun.

Zhuge Liang told Jiang Wan that only by recommending people without reservation could other people who were recommended feel at ease, thus demonstrating the importance of recommending talents. Jiang Wan listened and was promoted to the position of military officer in the Prime Minister's Office.

In the fifth year of Jianxing (227 AD), Zhuge Liang led his army north and stationed in Hanzhong. Jiang Wan and the chief secretary Zhang Yi were in charge of the affairs of the Prime Minister's Mansion.

In the eighth year of Jianxing (230 AD), Jiang Wan replaced Zhang Yi as the Chief Secretary and was granted the title of General of the Fujun Army.

Zhuge Liang launched several northern expeditions against Cao Wei. During this period, Jiang Wan was in charge of logistics and preparing food and manpower for the front-line troops.

Zhuge Liang always praised Jiang Wan for his loyalty and ambition, saying he was someone worthy of being entrusted with important tasks.

Soon after, Zhuge Liang secretly submitted a memorial to the later emperor Liu Shan, stating that if something unfortunate happened to him, important government affairs could be handed over to Jiang Wan.

In August of the 234th year of Jianxing ( AD), Zhuge Liang died of illness and Jiang Wan was promoted to Shangshu Ling.

Soon, Emperor Liu Shan promoted Jiang Wan to acting Protector-General of the Central Region, granted him temporary authority, and concurrently appointed him as Governor of Yizhou.

The following year, Jiang Wan was promoted to general, appointed as the Minister of the Secretariat, and granted the title of Marquis of Anyangting.

Jiang Wan succeeded the late Prime Minister Zhuge Liang as the chief of government of Shu. At that time, because Prime Minister Zhuge Liang had just passed away, the whole Shu Kingdom was facing a dangerous situation and everyone was moved and terrified.

Jiang Wan was promoted and valued, and his status was above all the ministers, but he felt neither sad nor happy, and his expression and behavior were exactly the same as usual.

Therefore, people gradually began to admire and recognize him.

In the first year of Yan Xi (238 AD), Jiang Wan led a large army north to guard against the invasion of Cao Wei and stationed in Hanzhong.

In March of the following year, Emperor Liu Chan promoted Jiang Wan to the position of Grand Marshal and issued an edict to Jiang Wan, ordering him to set up a government office and take charge of affairs.

Yang Xi, the Dong Cao official in the Grand Marshal's Mansion, was arrogant and rude by nature.
When Jiang Wan talked to him about things, he often deliberately didn't answer.

Some people wanted to frame Yang Xi and told Jiang Wan that Yang Xi was disrespectful to his superiors and should be punished.

Jiang Wan spoke up for Yang Xi, saying that everyone has different ideas, and Yang Xi didn't answer him because he had a different opinion.

He is unwilling to go against his conscience and express his agreement, but it is also inconvenient for him to openly refute and express his opposition, so he remains silent. This is the straightforwardness of Yang Xi.

Yang Min, who served as the agricultural supervisor, once slandered Jiang Wan, saying that he was confused in his work and was not as good as the previous incumbent Zhuge Liang.

Someone told Jiang Wan this, and the official in charge of supervising all officials requested that Yang Min be investigated and punished.

However, Jiang Wan believed that he was indeed not as good as the previous minister in charge, Zhuge Liang, and there was nothing to pursue.

The officials who supervised all officials repeatedly demanded that Yang Min's slanderous remarks against Jiang Wan be investigated. Jiang Wan still said that there was no need to investigate. Later, Yang Min was imprisoned for violating the law, and everyone was worried that he would die.

However, Jiang Wan handled the matter without bias, and Yang Min was spared a heavy sentence. Jiang Wan never deviated from the right path because of personal likes and dislikes when governing.

Jiang Wan believed that Zhuge Liang had attacked Qinchuan many times in the past, but had never succeeded because of the steep roads and difficult transportation; it would be better to go east along the Han River to attack Cao Wei.

He then ordered the manufacture of a large number of boats, intending to attack Weixing and Shangyong counties of Wei by boat via the Han River and the Mian River.

However, it happened that Jiang Wan's old illness recurred and his plan was not implemented.

However, the ministers believed that if they took the water route to the east to attack Cao Wei, if they failed, it would be very difficult to return, which was not a good idea.

The later emperor Liu Chan sent Shangshu Ling Fei Yi, Zhong Jianjun Jiang Wei and others to Hanzhong to explain to Jiang Wan the disadvantages of taking the water route to the east.

In the sixth year of Yan Xi (243 AD), Jiang Wan submitted a memorial to the later emperor Liu Chan, expressing his great worry that he had stationed troops in Hanzhong for the past six years but had never achieved any results.

Now that Cao Wei is strong, only by joining forces with Eastern Wu to attack from both ends can the ambition of swallowing up Cao Wei be realized.

However, Wu and Shu had agreed to launch attacks on Cao Wei two or three times, but they failed to realize the planned plan.

Considering the current difficult situation, the best strategy is to advance into Liangzhou; therefore, Jiang Wan recommended Jiang Wei to serve as the Governor of Liangzhou.

If Jiang Wei led a large army to occupy the Hexi region, he could lead his troops to support him.

Jiang Wan believed that Fu County (now Mianyang, Sichuan) was connected to all directions by land and water, and if there were external threats from the east or north, it would be convenient to rush to rescue.

So Jiang Wan led his troops back from Hanzhong and garrisoned in Fu County.

However, Jiang Wan's illness was becoming increasingly serious at this time. In the ninth year of Yan Xi (246 AD), Jiang Wan died of illness.

After Jiang Wan's death, he was posthumously named Gonghou. His son Jiang Bin inherited his title and served as General Suiwu and Guardian of Hancheng.

Zhuge Liang, the Prime Minister of Shu Han, commented that Jiang Wan was "loyal and noble" and "a tool for the country, not a talent of Baili". He believed that Jiang Wan, Fei Yi, Dong Yun and others were all loyal and virtuous.
As long as the later emperor Liu Chan can trust the ministers who are willing to sacrifice themselves for the country, the restoration of the Han Dynasty will be just around the corner; after his death, state affairs can be entrusted to Jiang Wan.

Chen Shou, a historian of the Jin Dynasty, commented: Jiang Wan was upright, serious and dignified; Fei Yi was generous, open-minded and good at getting along with others.
Both of them were able to inherit the system established by Zhuge Liang and follow it without changing it. Therefore, the border of Shu State was peaceful for a long time and the country remained stable.

Yuan Hong, a historian of the Jin Dynasty, commented: Jiang Wan was upright and impartial, and was not blindly conservative. He was essentially a gentleman. After the death of Prime Minister Zhuge Liang,

Taking on the important task of assisting state affairs, promoting and appointing talented people while remaining respectful himself, in the long run, he is truly worthy of respect.

Pei Songzhi, a historian of the Jin Dynasty, commented: Jiang Wan and Fei Yi presided over the government and completely followed the system established by Zhuge Liang.

He never acted rashly for the sake of merit, which led to the neglect of state affairs. He repelled the attack of Wei State.

When it comes to maintaining national stability, governing a small country, and recuperating, no one has done better than them.

Wang Fuzhi, a scholar in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, commented: Jiang Wan's change of the plan of Zhuge Liang's time and his plan to have the army sail down the Han and Mian rivers to attack Weixing and Shangyong counties of the Wei State was not a good strategy.

Weixing and Shangyong were not important cities of the Wei State. Even if they were conquered, they could not attack Wancheng and Luoyang to the north, not to mention that the navy was going downstream.

They rely on the power of water. The navy will lose morale if they leave the river. This is why Liu Bei failed when he attacked the Eastern Wu.

Relying on the strong defense of the city, even if the Shu army launched ten attacks, it would fail nine times.

Therefore, after Jiang Wan's death, Fei Yi was assassinated, and there was no one to succeed Shu Han.

Qing Dynasty scholar Duanmu Cai commented: All the outstanding civil and military officials of Shu Han died early, and only one military official, Zhao Yun, was left.
Jiang Wan was the only civil servant left. People like Xiang Chong, Dong Yun and those below them were not capable of taking on the important tasks of general and prime minister.

In his early years, Jiang Wan served as the county magistrate of Guangdu. When Liu Bei came for inspection, Jiang Wan neglected county affairs and was dismissed from his post by Liu Bei.

After Jiang Wan was dismissed from office, he dreamed that a cow appeared in front of his house at night and shed a lot of blood. Jiang Wan felt very uneasy, so he went to Zhao Zhi to interpret the dream.
Zhao Zhi said: "Seeing blood in a dream means that you can distinguish right from wrong. The horns and nose of an ox resemble the Chinese character "公". You will definitely become one of the three highest officials in the future. This is an auspicious sign."

Jiang Wan was soon reinstated and later became one of the Three Dukes.

He was Zhuge Liang's successor. During his reign, the government was stable and the people were harmonious, and the economy was revived. In particular, his governing philosophy of "putting people's safety first, not decoration first"

He made the people live in peace. He was broad-minded and never used public power to seek revenge. When faced with people who contradicted and offended him, he always smiled it off. He was in power for more than ten years.

Not only did he follow Zhuge Liang's policy of governing the country and put it in good order, but he also sent Jiang Wei to lead his army westward to look for opportunities to fight the Northern Expedition.
He was also the mainstay of the Shu Han regime in its later period and made outstanding contributions to it. He was Jiang Wan.
Jiang Wan, whose courtesy name was Gongyan, was a native of Xiangxiang, Lingling. He was already famous when he was in his twenties. Later, he followed Liu Bei and entered Sichuan as a state secretary. He was appointed as the county magistrate of Guangdu.

Liu Bei once went to Guangdu under the pretext of sightseeing. He saw Jiang Wan drunk and not paying attention to county affairs, so he was furious and wanted to execute him.
Zhuge Liang pleaded for him, saying that Jiang Wan was a talent who could assist the imperial court, not a material for being a county magistrate. He was committed to keeping the people safe and not focusing on superficial decoration.
He hoped that Liu Bei would conduct a more detailed investigation. Liu Bei had always respected Zhuge Liang, so he did not punish Jiang Wan but only dismissed him from his post.

In 219 AD, Liu Bei became King of Hanzhong, and Jiang Wan entered the court as a Shangshu Lang.

In 223 AD, Liu Shan ascended the throne. Zhuge Liang established the Prime Minister's Office and appointed Jiang Wan as the Eastern Cao official. Later, he was selected as a talented person.
Jiang Wan was afraid that outsiders would criticize Zhuge Liang for appointing people based on personal connections because he was close to Zhuge Liang, so he refused to accept the position and insisted on giving it to someone else.

Zhuge Liang said that if one abandons people of virtue in order to avoid relatives and friends, the people will suffer. Later, Jiang Wan was promoted to a military officer in the Prime Minister's Office.

In 227 AD, Zhuge Liang was stationed in Hanzhong. Jiang Wan and Zhang Yi, the chief secretary of the Prime Minister, took charge of all affairs of the Prime Minister's Office. By 230 AD,
He succeeded Zhang Yi as the Chief Clerk of the Prime Minister's Office and was given the title of General of the Pacification Army. Zhuge Liang led many military expeditions, and it was Jiang Wan who provided him with sufficient food and manpower.
Zhuge Liang often praised him for his noble and loyal ambitions, and said he was someone who would work with him to help the dynasty.

He also secretly submitted a petition to the later emperor, saying that if he met with any misfortune, he could let Jiang Wan take over and hand over military and political affairs to him.

In 234 AD, Zhuge Liang died of illness, and Jiang Wan was appointed Shangshu Ling. Soon after, he was promoted to Acting Protector General and Acting Jie.
He concurrently served as the governor of Yizhou, and was promoted to general, recorder of the imperial secretariat, and granted the title of Marquis of Anyangting.
Everyone felt the danger and fear, but Jiang Wan, who had been promoted to a higher position than the other officials, showed no sign of worry.
He did not have any happy expression, his look and behavior were the same as usual, so everyone gradually submitted to him.

In 238 AD, Liu Chan issued an edict to Jiang Wan to set up a government office to handle affairs. The following year, he was promoted to Grand Marshal, and Jiang Wan led his troops to station in Hanzhong.

Yang Xi, a member of the Eastern Cao, was arrogant and rude by nature. When Jiang Wan talked to him, he did not respond.
So someone wanted to sow discord between Yang Xi and Jiang Wan, saying that you talked to Yang Xi, but Yang Xi didn't respond.
This is a disrespect to the superiors, and Jiang Wan believes that people have different ideas. If Yang Xi agrees with what I say,

If he refutes me, it will show that I am wrong, so he can only remain silent.

Not answering is a true straightforward person. In addition, Yang Min, the agricultural supervisor, once slandered Jiang Wan, saying that he was confused and far inferior to his predecessor. (End of this chapter)