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Wang Ping, courtesy name Zijun, was a native of Dangqu County, Baxi Prefecture (now northeast of Qu County, Sichuan Province). He was an important general in the late Shu Han period during the Three Kingdoms period.

Wang Pingyuan was a subordinate of Cao Cao, and later surrendered to Liu Bei and served as the Guard General and the General.

In the sixth year of Jianxing (228 AD), Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu Han, launched a northern expedition and sent Wang Ping to assist the military officer Ma Su in garrisoning Jieting.

Ma Su did not listen to Wang Ping's advice and set up camp on the mountain. His water supply was cut off by Wei general Zhang He, and he was defeated and lost Jieting. Wang Ping's troops advanced and retreated in a measured manner and the whole army did not lose.

Ma Su was executed for his crimes, but Wang Ping was promoted to the position of assistant military officer. Soon after, he was promoted to general who could suppress bandits for his merits and was granted the title of Marquis of Ting.

In the ninth year of Jianxing (231 AD), Zhuge Liang led a northern expedition to besiege Qishan. Wang Ping single-handedly resisted the attack of Wei general Zhang He.

After Zhuge Liang's death, Wang Ping made great contributions in suppressing Wei Yan's rebellion and was promoted to General Dianjun and General Anhan. He assisted General Chariots and Cavalry Wu Yi in guarding Hanzhong, and later served as the prefect of Hanzhong County.

In the 237th year of Jianxing ( AD), Wang Ping was promoted to Marquis of Anhan and succeeded Wu Yi in guarding Hanzhong. He was successively promoted to Front Guard General, Front Military Supervisor, and General Zhenbei, commanding the military affairs of Hanzhong.

In the seventh year of Yanxi (244 AD), Cao Shuang, the general of Wei, led an army of to attack Hanzhong. The garrison of Shu was less than . Wang Ping held on to Xingshi Mountain (today's northeast of Yangxian County, Shaanxi) and waited for help.
The Wei army retreated without success. In the 248th year of Yanxi ( AD), Wang Ping died and his son Wang Xun inherited the title.

After Wang Ping was promoted to General Zhenbei, he led his troops to garrison Hanzhong for a long time to guard against the invasion of Cao Wei. Together with General Chariots and Cavalry Deng Zhi and General Zhennan Ma Zhong, he guarded the border of Shu Kingdom. He worked hard and made great contributions and became famous.

Chen Shou, a historian of the Jin Dynasty, commented that Wang Ping was "loyal, brave and strict", "obeyed the law and did not joke", and that although he was illiterate, he had the demeanor of a Confucian general.

Chang Qu, a historian of the Jin Dynasty, and Hao Jing, a scholar in the late Song and early Yuan dynasties, both believed that Wang Ping was brave and resourceful, and had the demeanor of a great general.

In his early years, Wang Ping was fostered in his maternal grandfather's home and changed his surname to He. Later, he restored his surname to Wang.

He once followed Du Fu and Pu Hu to Luoyang, and was granted the title of colonel by the court.

In March of the 215th year of Jian'an ( AD) during the reign of Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty, Cao Cao personally led a large army to the west to attack Zhang Lu in Hanzhong, and Wang Ping followed the army as a general.

In the 218rd year of Jian'an ( AD) during the reign of Emperor Xian of Han, Liu Bei led his army northward to attack Hanzhong and engaged in a stalemate with Cao's army.

In the first month of the following year, Huang Zhong, a general under Liu Bei, killed Xiahou Yuan, a general under Cao Cao. Cao's army was defeated and Liu Bei occupied Hanzhong. Wang Ping surrendered to Liu Bei at this time and was appointed as the Yamen General and the Bi General.

In the spring of the sixth year of Jianxing (228 AD), Prime Minister Zhuge Liang launched his first northern expedition against Cao Wei and led his army to attack Qishan (now Qishan, Li County, Gansu Province). The three counties of Tianshui, Nangan and Anding of Wei State rebelled and surrendered to Zhuge Liang.

Emperor Ming of Wei, Cao Rui, personally led the army to Chang'an and ordered the right general Zhang He to lead 50,000 troops to rush to the rescue of Longxi.

Zhuge Liang sent Wang Ping to assist the military officer Ma Su to garrison Jieting (now Longcheng Town, northeast of Qin'an County, Gansu Province) to block Zhang He's reinforcements.

Ma Su led his army to Jieting. When setting up camp, he disobeyed Zhuge Liang's orders and stationed the army on a high mountain away from the water source. He also did not send troops to guard the city of Jieting, and the military orders he issued were cumbersome and confusing.

Wang Ping repeatedly advised Ma Su to set up camp on the road, but Ma Su was arrogant and refused to obey.

After Zhang He arrived with a large army, he first cut off the water source of Ma Su's army, and then launched an attack, which resulted in Ma Su's defeat.

After Jieting was lost, the soldiers fled. Only a thousand soldiers led by Wang Ping were left, beating the war drums and ready for battle. Zhang He suspected that it was an ambush and did not dare to lead his troops in pursuit.

So Wang Ping slowly gathered the fleeing soldiers from each camp and led the army to retreat smoothly.

Zhuge Liang held those responsible for the loss of Jieting accountable, executed Ma Su and generals Zhang Xiu and Li Sheng, and deprived general Huang Xi and others of their military power.

Wang Ping remained calm in the face of danger and was appreciated and promoted by Zhuge Liang. He was promoted to the position of military officer and was responsible for commanding five elite troops composed of Qingqiang people.
At the same time, he assisted Zhuge Liang in handling military affairs, and was soon promoted to General Suppressing Bandits and was granted the title of Marquis of Ting.

In February of the ninth year of Jianxing (231 AD), Zhuge Liang launched the fourth northern expedition against Cao Wei and led his troops to besiege the Wei army stationed in Qishan.

Wang Ping led his troops to surround the Wei army from the southwest. Sima Yi, the general of Cao Wei, led his army to attack Zhuge Liang, and the two armies fought at Shanggui (now Qingshui County, Tianshui City, Gansu Province);
Sima Yi then sent Zhang He to lead an army to attack Wang Ping. Wang Ping strictly ordered his troops to hold their ground, and Zhang He was never able to succeed.

In August of the 234th year of Jianxing ( AD), Zhuge Liang died in Wuzhangyuan (now in Qishan County, Baoji, Shaanxi) during his fifth northern expedition against Cao Wei. Yang Yi, the chief secretary of the Prime Minister's Office, led the northern expedition army to retreat.

At this time, Wei Yan rebelled, marched to occupy Nangukou (now northwest of Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province), and led his troops to attack Yang Yi and others. Wang Ping assisted Yang Yi in leading his troops to defeat Wei Yan, and sent General Pingbei Ma Dai to lead his troops to pursue and kill Wei Yan.

Wang Ping made great contributions in suppressing Wei Yan's rebellion. After the army returned to Chengdu, Wang Ping was promoted to General of the Later Army and General Anhan, and assisted in guarding Hanzhong as the deputy of General Wu Yi.

In the 237th year of Jianxing ( AD), Wang Ping was promoted to Marquis of Anhan. In the same year, General Wu Yi died of illness, and Wang Ping was appointed by the later emperor Liu Shan as the governor of Hanzhong, succeeding Wu Yi in commanding the military of Hanzhong.

The following year, General Jiang Wan led his troops to station in Mianyang (now Xiantao City, Hubei Province), and Wang Ping was transferred to the position of Front Guard, responsible for handling the official affairs of the General's Mansion.

In the sixth year of Yan Xi (243 AD), Jiang Wan led his troops to move to Fu County (now Mianyang, Sichuan) and promoted Wang Ping to be the former military inspector and general of Zhenbei, and he was once again responsible for commanding the army in Hanzhong area.

In the seventh year of Yan Xi (244 AD), Wei general Cao Shuang led infantry and cavalry to attack Hanzhong. The vanguard of the Wei army had entered Luogu (now southwest of Zhouzhi County, Shaanxi).

At that time, the Shu army stationed in Hanzhong was less than 30,000. When the Wei army attacked, the generals and soldiers were terrified. Someone proposed:

Now that the enemy is numerous and we are few, it is difficult to resist them. It is better to abandon Yangping Pass and retreat to Hancheng and Lecheng to hold on, waiting for the army from Fu County to come to rescue.

But Wang Ping thought that Hanzhong was nearly a thousand miles away from Fu County. If the enemy captured Yangping Pass, the consequences would be disastrous. For the time being, it would be best to send two generals to lead troops to guard Xingshi Mountain (now northeast of Yang County, Shaanxi), while he would serve as the rear guard.
If the enemy divided its forces to attack Huangjin (now Yang County, Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province), he would lead a thousand soldiers to fight from a high position, delaying the enemy and buying time, so that reinforcements from Fu County could arrive.

The generals were hesitant, and only the guard Liu Min supported Wang Ping's suggestion, so they began to deploy the soldiers according to Wang Ping's plan.

Reinforcements from Fu County and General Fei Yi who set out from Chengdu arrived one after another. The Wei army had to retreat, and the situation developed exactly as Wang Ping had expected.

From 238 to 248 AD, General Deng Zhi led his troops to garrison the eastern border of Shu, and General Ma Zhong led his troops to garrison the southern border of Shu.
General Wang Ping, the Great General of Zhenbei, led his troops to garrison the northern border of Shu State. The three men each guarded a part of the country and were all famous for their outstanding achievements.

Wang Ping came from a military background. He could not write and knew no more than ten characters. However, the meaning and logic of the letters he dictated were very clear.

He had people read the Annals and Biographies of the "Records of the Grand Historian" and "Book of Han" to him, and he was able to fully understand the general meaning of them and would not deviate from the original meaning of the books when discussing them.

In the 248th year of Yan Xi ( AD), Wang Ping died and his son Wang Xun inherited his title.

Chen Shou, a historian of the Jin Dynasty, commented that Wang Ping was "loyal, brave and strict". He came from a military background and could not read or write, but he obeyed the laws and regulations.

He never jokes when he speaks and can sit still all day long from morning to night. He is so quiet that he doesn't look like a military general.

However, Wang Ping is narrow-minded and easily suspicious, and often looks down on himself, which inevitably damages his image.

Hao Jing, a scholar in the late Song and early Yuan dynasties, commented that "the king is fair, honest and simple, and has the strategy of a great general." He led his army to occupy the northern border of Shu State, and Jianmen Pass was absolutely safe.

Among the generals of Shu Han, we are familiar with Guan Yu, who was righteous and upright, Zhang Fei, who was straightforward and generous, Ma Chao, who frightened Cao Cao, Huang Zhong, who was an excellent archer, Zhao Yun, who was as brave as a rock, and Jiang Wei, who was both loyal and brave.

However, among the generals of Shu Han, there was a tiger general whose existence we have overlooked. This tiger general was none other than General Wang Ping, the General Zhenbei.

General Wang Ping can be said to be the most important figure in the late Three Kingdoms period. Chen Shou, a famous historian in the Western Jin Dynasty, once spoke highly of him, saying that he was a figure who changed the direction of the Three Kingdoms.
Wang Ping was from Sichuan. He was fostered in his maternal grandfather's home as a child and took his maternal grandfather's surname He. After he left his maternal grandfather's home and returned to his family, he changed his surname back to Wang.

As a teenager, Wang Ping was very fond of the arts of swords, sticks and clubs, and did not like reading and writing. As a result, when Wang Ping grew up, he could not read a single word.

In 215 AD, Pu Hu, the king of the Seven Surnames of the Yi people in Ba County, led his people to submit to Cao Cao. Wang Ping, who lived in Ba County, moved to Luoyang with the people. After arriving in Luoyang, Wang Ping joined the army and became an acting captain of Cao's army.

In 219 AD, Liu Bei led his army to fight against Cao's army in Hanzhong. Under the advice of his adviser Fa Zheng, Liu Bei led his army to move from Yangping Pass to Dingjun Mountain.
He took the opportunity to lure Cao's main general Xiahou Yuan to lead his troops into battle. However, Xiahou Yuan was unaware of the trick and rashly went into battle. He was then killed in the battle by the veteran Huang Zhong.

The news of Xiahou Yuan's defeat and death soon spread to the Central Plains. Upon hearing the bad news, Cao Cao was very sad. He immediately led the main force of Cao's army to Hanzhong to fight Liu Bei. In this battle, the acting captain Wang Ping followed the main force of Cao's army.

In the subsequent Battle of Han River, Zhao Yun, a general under Liu Bei, led his troops to fight with Cao's army. In this battle, Zhao Yun launched a defensive counterattack, defeating Cao's army, and the acting captain Wang Ping was also captured in the retreat.

After the war, Liu Bei summoned Wang Ping, who was a prisoner, to comfort him and persuade him to surrender. Wang Ping was moved by Liu Bei's sincerity.
He immediately expressed his willingness to surrender and join Liu Bei's army, and Liu Bei entrusted him with important tasks and appointed him as the Yamen General and the Bi General.

After Wang Ping became a general of Shu, he changed the course of the Three Kingdoms four times. The first time, in the Battle of Jieting, the Shu Han general Ma Su was arrogant and self-righteous.
He ignored Wang Ping's advice and led his troops up the mountain, but the water supply was cut off by the generals of Cao Wei, which led to the demoralization of the Shu army. They were attacked by Zhang He and suffered a rout.

Wang Ping, who was stationed at the foot of the mountain with a thousand men, turned the tide and beat the drum to hold the line, so that Zhang He dared not pursue the defeated Shu army. Although the Shu army was defeated, its soldiers were still there, thus preserving the fresh forces of Shu Han and avoiding the complete annihilation of this Shu Han army.

The second time was in 231 AD, when Sima Yi, a powerful official of Cao Wei, personally led his troops to confront Zhuge Liang, the Prime Minister of Shu Han, at Qishan.

Zhuge Liang sent Wang Ping to lead the Shu army to garrison Nanwei to resist the offensive of Cao Wei's army. Sima Yi sent Zhang He, a famous general of Cao Wei, to lead the main force of Cao Wei to attack Nanwei.

Wang Ping took advantage of the terrain and thwarted Cao Wei's offensive. The commander, Zhang He, had to withdraw from the battle.
This battle shattered the attempt of Sima Yi, a powerful official of Cao Wei, to attack the Shu army, and also made Sima Yi realize the gap between himself and Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu Han.

The third time was in 234 AD, when Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu Han, became ill due to overwork and died at Wuzhangyuan. After Zhuge Liang's death, Wei Yan, a general of Shu Han, wanted to take the opportunity to seize military power and cause chaos in the army.

Wang Ping, who was the general who was fighting against the bandits at that time, saw the situation was critical and immediately led his troops to suppress the rebellion, thus putting down Wei Yan's rebellion.
As the general who fought against the bandits, Wang Ping turned the tide in the chaos of the Shu Han army. Not only did he ensure that the funeral of Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu Han, was properly handled, but he also stabilized the morale of the Shu Han army.

The fourth time, General Jiang Wan of Shu Han was seriously ill and unable to handle military and political affairs. When the Emperor of Cao Wei heard about this, he immediately sent General Cao Shuang to lead an army of 100,000 to attack Hanzhong.
Facing the attacking powerful army, Wang Ping, the Northern Zhen General of Shu Han stationed in Hanzhong area, remained calm, while the generals under his command were terrified.

Upon seeing this, Wang Ping immediately comforted and encouraged his subordinates, then formulated a complete strategy to defend against the enemy and ordered his subordinates to act according to the strategy.
As a result, according to Wang Ping's strategy for defending against the enemy, the Shu Han army cooperated with the reinforcements of General Fei Yi to forcefully repel the invading enemy led by General Cao Shuang of Cao Wei. After this battle, Cao Wei did not dare to rashly attack the Hanzhong area again.

Wang Ping's strong victory over the Cao Wei army not only saved the Hanzhong area, but also increased the confidence of Shu Han's subsequent northern expedition.

This enabled the Shu Han regime to retain a strategic advantage and prevent it from losing the upper hand in the confrontation with Cao Wei in the later Shu Han period.

During the Three Kingdoms period, there was a brave general named Wang Ping from a minority ethnic group who lived a turbulent life.

From a small soldier who followed the east and west for a while to becoming the most prestigious military commander in the late Shu Han Dynasty, Wang Ping experienced a transformation from ordinary to extraordinary in life.

Not only did he stand up at the critical moment to defend Shu Han, but he also won precious time and space for Shu Han with his wisdom and courage. Let us explore the details of Wang Ping's legendary life.

Wang Ping was born in Dangqu, Baxi County, and was a member of the local ethnic minority Qiang (the predecessor of the Tujia people). After Liu Bei occupied Yizhou,
Wang Ping followed Zhang Lu to Cao Cao and was appointed as the acting lieutenant, but it was only a nominal position. It was not until Liu Bei occupied Hanzhong that Wang Ping had the opportunity to join Liu Bei and was appointed as the general of the guard and the general.

During Zhuge Liang's several northern expeditions, Wang Ping performed well, helped resist the enemy's offensive many times, and protected the interests of Shu Han. (End of this chapter)