The FBI teaches you lie detection, people reading and intelligence skills

Chapter 12: To Know Lies, You Need to Understand Psychology

Polygraph detection is exactly a kind of psychological test method, should be called psychological test more precisely.People's psychological activities are not without trace, on the contrary, it has a solid physiological basis. Based on years of interrogation experience, the FBI pointed out that when people lie, they will produce certain emotional reactions, and at the same time these reactions can be manifested in physiological changes.In view of the fact that physiological changes are controlled by the autonomic nervous system and endocrine system, and are not subject to human subjective control, the measurement results are more objective.

§§§Section [-] The Psychological Basis of Lies——Reactionary Formation

Generally speaking, when people cannot decide their own future due to uneasiness, people tend to test the other party's position in the form of negation. Psychologically, what happens at this time is the formation of reaction. If the FBI grasps the psychological reactionary formation during the interrogation, it will have more information.So, how does reactionary formation behave?
If you are constantly asking your child, "Do you want a pastry?" I mean, but for some reason the child shakes his head and says, "No."In addition, a similar situation has occurred in the relationship between lovers: a woman who is angry at a man with an ambiguous attitude will often say "let's not meet again" if she has a premonition of future uneasiness between them.However, the essence of what this woman said meant that she wanted to meet again.The uneasiness caused by men with unclear attitudes and the depressing feeling that they cannot get married in this situation are in stark contrast to the desires of women.So it's not exactly a lie.

However, if reactionary formation is adopted many times, it will give the impression that it is capricious and unreasonable.In addition, it also affects sexual behavior.The specific manifestation is that women deny the characteristics of women, and men deny the characteristics of men, which leads to homosexuality or abuse of the other party, or being abused by the other party, so as to obtain sexual satisfaction, form sexual perversion, and embark on destructive sexual behavior. The FBI has cited such an example.

The friend, the friend's wife, and Frink were all reading in silence.At this time, the wife suddenly broke the silence and said: "Is Dante the author of "Paradise Lost"?" The husband replied: "Dante is the author of "Divine Comedy", you!" The three continued to read.Soon after the husband went out, the young lady asked Frink to explain his recent unhappiness and the reasons for it. feel.He also said that some of the husband's friends were blondes, and it was really unbearable for these people to come into the house.However, they were not being rude to themselves.However, there is no way to get rid of the feeling of disgust.So, Frink led his wife to focus on the "blond man" and asked her to say what was on her mind.Then the lady told about a certain blond man that even Frinker knew.Then, the lady was silent for a while, then she suddenly laughed and said with a blushing face, "Besides, I think of another person." Frink immediately asked, "So, don't you feel disgusted by that person?"

Madame admitted that his conjecture was correct, and then said what was in her heart: Madame's cousin was a handsome and attractive young man.When the wife was 16 years old, her heart was deeply attracted by him, but she was a close relative, who was 10 years older than her, and could not marry him, so she controlled her feelings and tried her best to forget about it .However, the emotion did not disappear and remained strong in consciousness.When she got married, she tore up all the photos of men that had remained in her heart, whether deep or shallow.By chance, only the photo of the cousin remained.This is the reaction pushed up by the suppressed love in the heart, that is, the reaction is formed.Whenever she sees the blond man, the lady thinks of her cousin, and the more she thinks about it, the stronger her yearning becomes.In order to avoid this unconsciously formed emotion, I in turn hated blond men and kept myself as far away from them as possible.Forgetting the name of the author of "Paradise Lost" is also a manifestation of the madam's efforts to suppress her love for her cousin.Because the cousin's name is the same as the author's name is Milton.

When the desire is strong, even if it is suppressed, the desire will rise above the consciousness once again when it confronts the suppression.It is not enough to put a lid on the smelly stuff, something heavy has to be put on it.People who like smoking very much, when it is necessary to reduce the amount anyway, many people think that it is better to quit completely. Not only that, but if they develop further, they will tell others about the harm of smoking.Enthusiastically persuading others to quit smoking may make one feel happier.Because the pattern of locking the desire to smoke in two or three layers of walls has been formed.However, in this case alone, the desire may not necessarily be suppressed under consciousness.Unconscious desires formed naturally in a similar way, feelings that lead to extremely contradictory behaviors, are called reactionary lies.

The miserly and self-interested person becomes generous and benevolent in order not to reveal that tendency; the cruel taste becomes a rather animal-loving conservationist, yelling "don't kill a bug"; The mother who hates her child represses it and coddles her child too much; the stereotyped self-proclaimed moralist keeps his eyes open and angry at other people's slight mistakes...it's all antisocial to himself The reactionary formation of the desire to act.

Repression can only drive desires and emotions out of consciousness, so it is only a temporary solution to the problem. The ability to suppress desires is stored unconsciously, and it is strongly suppressed in a reactionary way.Although this is also a method, if we suppress it repeatedly, in a sense, our psychology is like an over-pressurized boiler, heat energy will overflow from everywhere, and various psychological obstacles will occur.So, like a safety valve, some form of mental activity that liberates the energy of repressed desires from consciousness becomes necessary.

§§§Second lie, as long as there is a rationalized reason

Unreasonable hostility and hatred toward others is not a good thing.So this kind of feeling can be erased from the consciousness, but people often feel that the other party has hostility and hatred towards them, "I don't particularly hate that man, but the other person seems to hate me. No matter what I say, he contradicts it. I can't stand it." ".This suppressed emotion and desire is reflected to the outside world and found in others, which is called projection.The stepmother often feels that her stepson hates her; the Conservative party is hostile to the Reform party, which they think might start an insurrection tomorrow.When harboring such hostility and hatred, since the other party is hostile to us, we also have to resort to legitimate defense, which is an excuse to oppose our own internal objections.

This act of citing the real cause of the unconscious without asking why to explain oneself is called "rationalization" or "justification."The failure was originally due to my own lack of ability, but it was passed on to others to set up obstacles, or because of family affairs.In this way, the avoidance of one's own shortcomings is satisfied.Enthusiastic students of the student movement said that diplomas were nothing more than "passports to bourgeois society", and writing slogans all night, engraving steel plates, etc. were examples.In fact, in terms of the difficulty of work, it is comparable to studying hard. In a word, let yourself think that there is nothing wrong with the attitude of rationalizing the practice of giving up studies.

Rationalization, of course, is not intentional lying or making up excuses to deceive someone who believes himself to be doing the right thing.In other words, it can be said to be unconsciously lying to yourself.Both rationalization and reactionary formation are mimics of oneself.In short, people always have reasons for what they do, and almost all actions are given real reasons.However, the reasons given to an action are often not the same as the real reasons and feelings for the action.

When A is introduced to B, B immediately thinks what an annoying guy A is, but B just says: "It's a good day!" Also feel strange.However, A thinks "I hate the kind of people who talk flattery, and I can't treat such men carelessly."

No matter how you look at it, B is not the kind of man who must be guarded against, but a kind-hearted and lovable man.However, A has a reason for insisting on his opinion: B's eyes are slightly squinted, and the cadence of his voice is also unique. When A was young, there was an old man with squinted eyes and a voice very similar to B. This man always teased and laughed at A, and A hated him very much.Of course this was 20 years ago. A completely forgot, but B's squinting eyes and the cadence of his voice aroused A's distaste for the old man.So A thinks B is a nasty guy.Knowing this, A might notice that the old man resembled B only in eyes and voice, and the aversion would be removed.Due to ignorance of the situation, A has to give reasons for the feelings welling up in his heart. Unfortunately, A thinks that B is a person who only talks flattery.

People want to give reasons for their actions even without knowing the real reasons.This problem is evidently expressed in the experiments with hypnotism, in which the hypnotized person accepts suggestions unanalyzed because of his weakened conscious activity.

For the hypnotized person, if it is the sound of 9 jingles, he may chase after it even if it is a handkerchief; if it is a delicious steak, he will gnaw it even if it is the sole of a shoe.After the hypnosis was lifted, he remembered nothing, and it was possible to suggest that he did various things.For example, suggest to him, "I was talking to you, and during that time I wiped my nose, so you got up and opened the window."Then, de-hypnotize the other party and start nagging, take out a handkerchief to wipe the snot.After that, the other person will fidget and stand up to open the window.

If you ask him: "What's going on?" he will answer "stuffy".He obviously believes his own reasons.

(End of this chapter)